CompactHardTruth.cxx

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/*
  Copyright (C) 2002-2024 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration
*/
 
// CompactHardTruth.cxx
// Implementation file for class CompactHardTruth
// Author: Frank Paige <paige@bnl.gov>
 
// McParticleTests includes
#include "DerivationFrameworkMCTruth/CompactHardTruth.h"
 
// STL includes
#include <list>
 
// FrameWork includes
#include "Gaudi/Property.h"
#include "GaudiKernel/ITHistSvc.h"
#include "GaudiKernel/ServiceHandle.h"
 
#include "AtlasHepMC/GenEvent.h"
#include "AtlasHepMC/GenParticle.h"
#include "AtlasHepMC/GenVertex.h"
#include "AtlasHepMC/Relatives.h"
#include "TruthUtils/MagicNumbers.h"
#include "GeneratorObjects/McEventCollection.h"
// Needed for FourVector
#include "AtlasHepMC/SimpleVector.h"
#include "TruthUtils/HepMCHelpers.h"
 
// ROOT includes
#include "TH1F.h"
 
namespace DerivationFramework {
 
// Public methods:
 
// Constructors
CompactHardTruth::CompactHardTruth(const std::string& name, ISvcLocator* pSvcLocator)
    : ::AthAlgorithm(name, pSvcLocator)
    , m_mcEventsName("GEN_AOD")
    , m_thinnedMcEventsName("GEN_AODTHIN")
    , m_partonCut(10000.)
    , m_hardCut(10000.)
    , m_danglePtCut(0.)
    , m_maxCount(0) {
  //
  // Property declaration
  //
  declareProperty("McEvent", m_mcEventsName, "input McEventCollection container name");
  declareProperty("McEventOut", m_thinnedMcEventsName, "output McEventCollection container name");
  declareProperty("ShowerMassCut", m_partonCut, "mass cut for thinning parton shower");
  declareProperty("SoftMtCut", m_hardCut, "mt cut for underlying event showers");
  declareProperty("DanglePtCut", m_danglePtCut, "maximum pt for dangling partons");
 
  declareProperty("MaxCount", m_maxCount, "maximum number of events to print");
}
 
// Destructor
CompactHardTruth::~CompactHardTruth() {}
 
// Athena Algorithm's Hooks
StatusCode CompactHardTruth::initialize() {
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Initializing " << name() << "...");
 
  m_evtCount = -1;
  m_missCount = 0;
  m_dangleFound = 0;
  m_dangleRemoved = 0;
  m_danglePtMax = 0;
 
  m_thinParticles = 0;
  m_thinVertices = 0;
 
  // Print jobOption inputs
  ATH_MSG_INFO("-------------------------------------------------");
  ATH_MSG_INFO("jobOption McEvent            " << m_mcEventsName);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("jobOption McEventOut         " << m_thinnedMcEventsName);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("jobOption ShowerMassCut      " << m_partonCut);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("jobOption SoftMtCut          " << m_hardCut);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("jobOption MaxCount           " << m_maxCount);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("-------------------------------------------------");
 
  return StatusCode::SUCCESS;
}
 
StatusCode CompactHardTruth::finalize() {
 
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Finalizing DerivationFramework::CompactHardTruth ");
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Missing items limiting reclustering " << m_missCount);
 
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Dangling partons pt cut:  " << m_danglePtCut);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Dangling partons found:   " << m_dangleFound);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Dangling partons removed: " << m_dangleRemoved);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Dangling partons max pt:  " << m_danglePtMax);
 
  ATH_MSG_INFO("CompactHardTruth total particles:  " << m_thinParticles);
  ATH_MSG_INFO("CompactHardTruth total vertices:   " << m_thinVertices);
 
  return StatusCode::SUCCESS;
}
 
StatusCode CompactHardTruth::execute() {
 
  ++m_evtCount;
  // if( m_evtCount%100 == 0 ){
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Executing " << name() << " " << m_evtCount);
  //}
 
  // Normally doPrint is used to print the first m_maxCount events
  // before and after thinning.
  // doExtra adds extra intermediate event printouts.
  // doDebug allows debug printout for a range of events.
  bool doPrint = m_evtCount < m_maxCount;
  bool doDebug = false;
  bool doExtra = false;
  // doDebug = doPrint;
  // doExtra = doPrint;
 
  // Retrieve input data
  const McEventCollection* mcEvts = nullptr;
  if (!evtStore()->retrieve(mcEvts, m_mcEventsName).isSuccess() || nullptr == mcEvts) {
    ATH_MSG_WARNING("could not retrieve mc collection at [" << m_mcEventsName << "]!");
    return StatusCode::FAILURE;
  }
 
  if (mcEvts->empty()) {
    ATH_MSG_WARNING("empty McEventCollection at [" << m_mcEventsName << "]");
    return StatusCode::SUCCESS;
  }
 
  // Create output collection
  McEventCollection* thinnedMcEvts = new McEventCollection;
  if (!evtStore()->record(thinnedMcEvts, m_thinnedMcEventsName).isSuccess()) {
    ATH_MSG_WARNING("Could not record thinned mc collection at [" << m_thinnedMcEventsName << "]!");
    delete thinnedMcEvts;
    thinnedMcEvts = nullptr;
    return StatusCode::FAILURE;
  }
  if (evtStore()->setConst(thinnedMcEvts).isFailure()) { ATH_MSG_WARNING("Could not lock the McEventCollection at [" << m_thinnedMcEventsName << "] !!"); }
 
  // Signal event is first (only?) event; front() is from DataVector
  const HepMC::GenEvent* mcEvt = mcEvts->front();
  auto wtCont = mcEvt->weights();
  if (!wtCont.empty()) {
  } else {
    ATH_MSG_WARNING("Weights not found for mc collection [" << m_mcEventsName << "]");
  }
  int inEvent = mcEvt->event_number();
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("FETCHED count/event " << m_evtCount << " " << inEvent);
 
  // New event - copy of original
 
  HepMC::GenEvent* thinEvt = new HepMC::GenEvent(*mcEvt);
  int nEvent = thinEvt->event_number();
  if (doPrint) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("New event number = " << nEvent);
 
  if (doPrint) {
    std::cout << "========== BEGIN EVENT BEFORE THINNING ==========" << std::endl;
    HepMC::Print::line(std::cout, *thinEvt);
    std::cout << "========== END EVENT BEFORE THINNING ==========" << std::endl;
  }
 
  // Containers for manipulating particles/vertices
 
  // Hadronization vertex must have at least two incoming partons to
  // conserve color. All outgoing must be hadrons; c.f. Pythia 2->1
  // color reconnection vertices.
  // Const iterators => must(?) save changes, then do them.
  // Always remove particles from vertices, then delete.
  // removePV:  remove particle from vertex
  // addinPV:   add particle in to vertex
  // addoutPV:  add particle out from vertex
  // removeV:   remove vertex from event
  // deleteP:   delete particle after all passes
  // deleteV:   delete vertex after all passes
  // HepMC ~GenVertex deletes particles, so remove them from ALL vertices
 
  typedef std::pair<HepMC::GenVertexPtr, HepMC::GenParticlePtr> vpPair;
  std::vector<vpPair> removePV;
  std::vector<vpPair> addinPV;
  std::vector<vpPair> addoutPV;
  std::vector<HepMC::GenVertexPtr> removeV;
 
  // Use list with sort/unique to insure no multiple deletion
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticlePtr> deleteP;
  std::list<HepMC::GenVertexPtr> deleteV;
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticlePtr>::iterator dpItr;
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticlePtr>::iterator dpItrE;
  std::list<HepMC::GenVertexPtr>::iterator dvItr;
  std::list<HepMC::GenVertexPtr>::iterator dvItrE;
 
  // Find hadronization vertices
 
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Find hadronization vertices");
 
  std::vector<HepMC::GenVertexPtr> hadVertices;
 
#ifdef HEPMC3
  for (auto& hadv: thinEvt->vertices()) {
    if (!hadv) continue;
    if (hadv->particles_in().size() < 2) continue;
    if (hadv->particles_out().size() < 1) continue;
    // Check hadronization vertex
    // isHad is true if at least one hadron
    // q qbar -> pi is allowed, but q qbar -> W... is not
    bool isHadVtx = true;
    bool isHadOut = false;
    for (const auto& inp:  hadv->particles_in() ) {
      if (!(MC::isParton(inp)|| MC::isDiquark(inp))  ) { isHadVtx = false; break;}
    }
    for (const auto& vp:  hadv->particles_out()) {
      if (MC::isParton(vp)|| MC::isDiquark(vp)) isHadVtx = false;
      if (MC::isHadron(vp)) isHadOut = true;
    }
    isHadVtx = isHadVtx && isHadOut;
    if (isHadVtx) hadVertices.push_back(hadv);
    if (doDebug && isHadVtx) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Hadronization vertex " << hadv);
  }
#else
  HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator hadv = thinEvt->vertices_begin();
  HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator hadvB = thinEvt->vertices_begin();
  HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator hadvE = thinEvt->vertices_end();
 
  for (; hadv != hadvE; ++hadv) {
    if (!(*hadv)) continue;
    if ((*hadv)->particles_in_size() < 2) continue;
    if ((*hadv)->particles_out_size() < 1) continue;
 
    // Check hadronization vertex
    // isHad is true if at least one hadron
    // q qbar -> pi is allowed, but q qbar -> W... is not
    bool isHadVtx = true;
    bool isHadOut = false;
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator inp = (*hadv)->particles_in_const_begin();
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator inpE = (*hadv)->particles_in_const_end();
    for (; inp != inpE; ++inp) {
      if (!(MC::isParton(*inp)|| MC::isDiquark(*inp))) { isHadVtx = false; break;}
    }
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_out_const_iterator vp = (*hadv)->particles_out_const_begin();
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_out_const_iterator vpE = (*hadv)->particles_out_const_end();
    for (; vp != vpE; ++vp) {
      if (MC::isParton(*vp)|| MC::isDiquark(*vp)) isHadVtx = false;
      if (MC::isHadron(*vp)) isHadOut = true;
    }
    isHadVtx = isHadVtx && isHadOut;
    if (isHadVtx) hadVertices.push_back(*hadv);
    if (doDebug && isHadVtx) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Hadronization vertex " << *hadv);
  }
#endif
 
  if (hadVertices.empty()) {
    ATH_MSG_WARNING("No hadronization vertices for event " << nEvent);
    ATH_MSG_WARNING("Exiting without changing event.");
    thinnedMcEvts->push_back(thinEvt);
    return StatusCode::SUCCESS;
  }
 
  // Remove all incoming partons from hadronization vertices
  // Remove and delete all descendants
 
#ifdef HEPMC3
  for (unsigned int iv = 0; iv < hadVertices.size(); ++iv) {
    HepMC::GenVertexPtr ivtx = hadVertices[iv];
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Removing partons from hadVertex " << ivtx);
    for (auto  pin:  ivtx->particles_in()) {
      removePV.push_back(vpPair(ivtx, pin));
    }
  }
  // Remove all descendant particles. Will remove empty vertices later.
  // Might have parton decays of hadrons - hence delete sort/unique
  for (unsigned int iv = 0; iv < hadVertices.size(); ++iv) {
    HepMC::GenVertexPtr ivtx = hadVertices[iv]; 
    auto descendants = HepMC::descendant_particles(ivtx);
     for (auto  pout:  descendants) {
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr vpar = pout->production_vertex();
      if (vpar) removePV.push_back(vpPair(vpar, pout));
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr vend = pout->end_vertex();
      if (vend) removePV.push_back(vpPair(vend, pout));
      deleteP.push_back(pout);
    }
  }
#else
  for (unsigned int iv = 0; iv < hadVertices.size(); ++iv) {
    HepMC::GenVertex* ivtx = hadVertices[iv];
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Removing partons from hadVertex " << ivtx);
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pin = ivtx->particles_in_const_begin();
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pinE = ivtx->particles_in_const_end();
    for (; pin != pinE; ++pin) {
      removePV.emplace_back(ivtx, *pin);
    }
  }
 
  // Remove all descendant particles. Will remove empty vertices later.
  // Might have parton decays of hadrons - hence delete sort/unique
  for (unsigned int iv = 0; iv < hadVertices.size(); ++iv) {
    HepMC::GenVertex* ivtx = hadVertices[iv];
    HepMC::GenVertex::particle_iterator pout = ivtx->particles_begin(HepMC::descendants);
    HepMC::GenVertex::particle_iterator poutE = ivtx->particles_end(HepMC::descendants);
    for (; pout != poutE; ++pout) {
      HepMC::GenVertex* vpar = (*pout)->production_vertex();
      if (vpar) removePV.emplace_back(vpar, *pout);
      HepMC::GenVertex* vend = (*pout)->end_vertex();
      if (vend) removePV.emplace_back(vend, *pout);
      deleteP.push_back(*pout);
    }
  }
#endif
 
  // Remove empty vertices
  // Remove all particles from Geant vertices
  // Remove and delete Geant vertices and particles
  // All Geant particles should have Geant parent vertex
 
#ifdef HEPMC3
  for (auto hadv:thinEvt->vertices()) {
    // Empth vertices
    if (hadv->particles_in().size() == 0 && hadv->particles_out().size() == 0) {
      removeV.push_back(hadv);
      deleteV.push_back(hadv);
    }
    // Geant vertices/particles
    if (!HepMC::is_simulation_vertex(hadv)) continue;
    for (auto  pin: hadv->particles_in()) {
      removePV.push_back(vpPair(hadv, pin));
      if (HepMC::is_simulation_particle(pin)) { deleteP.push_back(pin); }
    }
    for (auto  pout: hadv->particles_out()) {
      removePV.push_back(vpPair(hadv, pout));
      if (HepMC::is_simulation_particle(pout)) { deleteP.push_back(pout); }
    }
    removeV.push_back(hadv);
    deleteV.push_back(hadv);
  }
#else
  for (hadv = hadvB; hadv != hadvE; ++hadv) {
 
    // Empth vertices
    if ((*hadv)->particles_in_size() == 0 && (*hadv)->particles_out_size() == 0) {
      removeV.push_back(*hadv);
      deleteV.push_back(*hadv);
    }
 
    // Geant vertices/particles
    if (!HepMC::is_simulation_vertex(*hadv)) continue;
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pin = (*hadv)->particles_in_const_begin();
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pinE = (*hadv)->particles_in_const_end();
    for (; pin != pinE; ++pin) {
      removePV.emplace_back(*hadv, *pin);
      if (HepMC::is_simulation_particle(*pin)) { deleteP.push_back(*pin); }
    }
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_out_const_iterator pout = (*hadv)->particles_out_const_begin();
    HepMC::GenVertex::particles_out_const_iterator poutE = (*hadv)->particles_out_const_end();
    for (; pout != poutE; ++pout) {
      removePV.emplace_back(*hadv, *pout);
      if (HepMC::is_simulation_particle(*pout)) { deleteP.push_back(*pout); }
    }
    removeV.push_back(*hadv);
    deleteV.push_back(*hadv);
  }
#endif
 
  // Actually implement changes
 
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removePV.size(); ++i) {
    HepMC::GenVertexPtr v = removePV[i].first;
    HepMC::GenParticlePtr p = removePV[i].second;
#ifdef HEPMC3
    v->remove_particle_in(p);
    v->remove_particle_out(p);
#else
    v->remove_particle(p);
#endif
  }
 
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < addoutPV.size(); ++i) {
    HepMC::GenVertexPtr v = addoutPV[i].first;
    HepMC::GenParticlePtr p = addoutPV[i].second;
    v->add_particle_out(p);
  }
#ifdef HEPMC3
  for (unsigned int iv = 1; iv < hadVertices.size(); ++iv) {
    HepMC::GenVertexPtr v = hadVertices[iv];
    if (v->particles_in().size() != 0 || v->particles_out().size() != 0) {
      ATH_MSG_WARNING("Removing vertex " << v << " for event " << nEvent 
      << " with in/out particles " << v->particles_in().size() << " " << v->particles_out().size());
    }
    thinEvt->remove_vertex(hadVertices[iv]);
  }
//AV: HepMC3 uses smart pointers
#else
 
  for (unsigned int iv = 1; iv < hadVertices.size(); ++iv) {
    HepMC::GenVertex* v = hadVertices[iv];
    if (v->particles_in_size() != 0 || v->particles_out_size() != 0) {
      ATH_MSG_WARNING("Removing vertex " << HepMC::uniqueID(v) << " for event " << nEvent << " with in/out particles " << v->particles_in_size() << " " << v->particles_out_size());
    }
    if (!thinEvt->remove_vertex(hadVertices[iv])) { ATH_MSG_WARNING("Error removing vertex " << HepMC::uniqueID(v) << " for event " << nEvent); }
  }
 
  // Delete removed particles/vertices
 
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Deleting hadronization vertices " << deleteV.size());
  deleteV.sort();
  deleteV.unique();
  for (dvItr = deleteV.begin(); dvItr != deleteV.end(); ++dvItr) {
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Deleting vertex " << HepMC::uniqueID(*dvItr));
    if (*dvItr) delete (*dvItr);
  }
 
  deleteP.sort();
  deleteP.unique();
  for (dpItr = deleteP.begin(); dpItr != deleteP.end(); ++dpItr) {
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Deleting particle " << HepMC::uniqueID(*dpItr));
    if (*dpItr) delete (*dpItr);
  }
#endif
 
  // Cluster final partons
 
  if (doDebug && doExtra) {
    std::cout << "========== BEGIN EVENT BEFORE CLUSTER ==========" << std::endl;
    HepMC::Print::line(std::cout, *thinEvt);
    std::cout << "========== END EVENT BEFORE CLUSTER ==========" << std::endl;
  }
 
  // Possible cases:
  // 1->1 branching:  Drop earlier 1 and vertex.
  // 2->1 connection: Drop 1 and vertex; leave 2 free
  //                  Note momentum is conserved for these.
  //                  Do not split 2->1 from initial 2->1->2 in Herwig.
  // 1->2 branching:  Set p1 = p2a+p2b, drop 2 and vertex.
  //                  Add 1 to first vertex.
 
  // Preserving color connections required merging vertices. Now no
  // longer needed.
 
  bool moreP = true;
  using vpPair = std::pair<HepMC::GenVertexPtr, HepMC::GenParticlePtr>;
  removePV.clear();
  addinPV.clear();
  addoutPV.clear();
  removeV.clear();
  deleteP.clear();
  deleteV.clear();
 
  using pkPair = std::pair<HepMC::GenParticlePtr, HepMC::FourVector>;
  std::vector<pkPair> changePK;
 
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Start parton thinning");
  while (moreP) {
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("New parton pass " << inEvent << " " << thinEvt->particles_size() << " " << thinEvt->vertices_size());
 
    moreP = false;
    removePV.clear();
    addinPV.clear();
    addoutPV.clear();
    removeV.clear();
    changePK.clear();
#ifdef HEPMC3
    // Find final partons
    for (auto fp: thinEvt->particles() ) {
      int iCase = 0;
      if (!((MC::isParton(fp)|| MC::isDiquark(fp)) && fp->end_vertex() == nullptr)) continue;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Starting final parton " << fp);
      // Production/end vertices
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr pvtx = fp->production_vertex();
      if (!pvtx) {
        ATH_MSG_WARNING("Missing production for final parton " << fp);
        continue;
      }
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Final parton " << pvtx << " " << fp);
      // Case 1->1
      // One-particle decay; use final particle
      // ppvtx -> pp -> pvtx -> fp
      if (pvtx->particles_in().size() == 1 && pvtx->particles_out().size() == 1) {
        // Incoming particle to parent vertex
        HepMC::GenParticlePtr pp = pvtx->particles_in().front();
        if (!pp || pp->parent_event() == nullptr) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: missing pp for fp " << fp);
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        // Its parent vertex
        HepMC::GenVertexPtr ppvtx = pp->production_vertex();
        if (!ppvtx || ppvtx->parent_event() == nullptr) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: missing ppvtx for fp " << fp);
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        moreP = true;
        iCase = 1;
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(ppvtx, pp));
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(pvtx, pp));
        deleteP.push_back(pp);
        removeV.push_back(pvtx);
        deleteV.push_back(pvtx);
        addoutPV.push_back(vpPair(ppvtx, fp));
        if (doDebug) { ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: ppvtx,pp,pvtx,fp,evtx " << ppvtx << " " << pp << " " << pvtx << " " << fp); }
      }
      // Case 2->1
      // Color recombination. Momentum is conserved so just keep 2.
      // Drop 1 and vertex.
      // ppvtx1,ppvtx2 -> pp1,pp2 -> pvtx -> fp
      // Recombination should not affect hard physics!
      if (pvtx->particles_in().size() == 2 && pvtx->particles_out().size() == 1) {
        // Incoming particles to parent vertex
        HepMC::GenParticlePtr pp1 = pvtx->particles_in().front();
        HepMC::GenParticlePtr pp2 = pvtx->particles_in().back();
        // Check for 2->1->2 initial state interactions in Herwig++
        // Initial partons have pt=0, use pt<0.001MeV
        if (std::abs(pp1->momentum().perp()) < 1.e-3) continue;
        if (std::abs(pp2->momentum().perp()) < 1.e-3) continue;
        // Their parent vertices
        HepMC::GenVertexPtr ppvtx1 = pp1->production_vertex();
        HepMC::GenVertexPtr ppvtx2 = pp2->production_vertex();
        if (!ppvtx1 || ppvtx1->parent_event() == nullptr) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("2->1: missing ppvtx1 for fp " << fp);
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        if (!ppvtx2 || ppvtx2->parent_event() == nullptr) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("2->1: missing ppvtx2 for fp " << fp);
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        moreP = true;
        iCase = 2;
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(pvtx, fp));
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(pvtx, pp1));
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(pvtx, pp2));
        deleteP.push_back(fp);
        removeV.push_back(pvtx);
        deleteV.push_back(pvtx);
        if (doDebug) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("2->1: ppvtx1,pp1,ppvtx2,pp2,pvtx,fp " << ppvtx1 << " " << pp1 
          << " " << ppvtx2 << " " << pp2 << " " << pvtx << " "<< fp);
        }
      }
      // Case 1->2
      // Parton branching. Momentum not conserved; 2 momenta correct
      // Drop only if mass is below cut
      // ppvtx -> pp -> pvtx -> pout1,pout2/fp
      if (pvtx->particles_in().size() == 1 && pvtx->particles_out().size() == 2) {
        HepMC::GenParticlePtr pout1 = pvtx->particles_out().front();
        HepMC::GenParticlePtr pout2 = pvtx->particles_out().back();
        // Require two final partons and avoid duplication
        if (fp == pout1) {
          if (!((MC::isParton(pout2)|| MC::isDiquark(pout2)) && pout2->end_vertex() == nullptr)) {
            if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: not final " << pout2);
            continue;
          }
        } else if (fp == pout2) {
          if (!((MC::isParton(pout1)|| MC::isDiquark(pout1)) && pout1->end_vertex() == nullptr)) {
            if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: not final " << pout1);
            continue;
          }
        } else {
          ATH_MSG_WARNING("1->2: No match found for branching " << fp << " " << pvtx << " " << pout1 << " " << pout2);
          continue;
        }
        if (fp != pout1) continue;
        // Incoming particle
        HepMC::GenParticlePtr pp = pvtx->particles_in().front();
        // Do not merge initial partons (pt<1MeV or m<-1MeV)
        if (pout1->momentum().m() < -1.0 || pout1->momentum().perp() < 1.0) continue;
        if (pout2->momentum().m() < -1.0 || pout2->momentum().perp() < 1.0) continue;
        // Parton pair mass cut
        HepMC::FourVector p12 = vtxOutMom(pvtx);
        double m12 = p12.m();
        if (m12 < 0) {
          if (std::abs(m12) > 10. + 1.0e-5 * p12.e()) {
            ATH_MSG_WARNING("Spacelike mass^2 for parton sum " << m12 << " " << pp << " " << pvtx << " " << pout1 << " " << pout2);
          }
          m12 = 0;
        }
        if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: parton pair mass " << m12);
        // If mass > cut, keep pair
        if (m12 > m_partonCut) {
          if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Keeping 1->2: parton mass " << m12);
          continue;
        }
        // Associated vertices
        HepMC::GenVertexPtr ppvtx = pp->production_vertex();
        if (!ppvtx || ppvtx->parent_event() == nullptr) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: missing ppvtx for fp " << fp);
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        // Merge branching
        moreP = true;
        iCase = 3;
        if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Merging 1->2: mass " << p12.m());
        changePK.push_back(pkPair(pp, p12));
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(pvtx, pp));
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(pvtx, pout1));
        removePV.push_back(vpPair(pvtx, pout2));
        deleteP.push_back(pout1);
        deleteP.push_back(pout2);
        removeV.push_back(pvtx);
        deleteV.push_back(pvtx);
        if (doDebug) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Merge 1->2: ppvtx,pp,pvtx,pout1,pout2,evtx " << ppvtx << " " << pp << " " << pvtx << " " << pout1 << " "
                                                                      << pout2);
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Merge 1->2: id " << pp->pdg_id() << " " << pout1->pdg_id() << " " << pout2->pdg_id());
        }
      } // end 1->2 case
      // Incoming proton vertex
      // Do nothing
      if (pvtx->particles_in().size() == 1) {
        // Incoming particle to parent vertex
        HepMC::GenParticlePtr pp = pvtx->particles_in().front();
        if (std::abs(pp->pdg_id()) == 2212) iCase = -1;
      }
      // Case not found
      // Need test for 2->2 in underlying event
      if (iCase == 0) {
        if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Case not found " << pvtx << " " << fp << " " << pvtx->particles_in().size() << " " << pvtx->particles_out().size());
      }
    } // end final parton loop
#else
 
    HepMC::GenEvent::particle_iterator finp = thinEvt->particles_begin();
    HepMC::GenEvent::particle_iterator finpB = thinEvt->particles_begin();
    HepMC::GenEvent::particle_iterator finpE = thinEvt->particles_end();
 
    // Find final partons
    for (finp = finpB; finp != finpE; ++finp) {
      int iCase = 0;
 
      HepMC::GenParticle* fp = *finp;
      if (!((MC::isParton(fp)|| MC::isDiquark(fp)) && fp->end_vertex() == nullptr)) continue;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Starting final parton " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
 
      // Production/end vertices
      HepMC::GenVertex* pvtx = fp->production_vertex();
      if (!pvtx) {
        ATH_MSG_WARNING("Missing production for final parton " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
        continue;
      }
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Final parton " << HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
 
      // Case 1->1
 
      // One-particle decay; use final particle
      // ppvtx -> pp -> pvtx -> fp
 
      if (pvtx->particles_in_size() == 1 && pvtx->particles_out_size() == 1) {
        // Incoming particle to parent vertex
        HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pitr = pvtx->particles_in_const_begin();
        HepMC::GenParticle* pp = *pitr;
        if (!pp || HepMC::uniqueID(pp) == 0) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: missing pp for fp " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        // Its parent vertex
        HepMC::GenVertex* ppvtx = pp->production_vertex();
        if (!ppvtx || HepMC::uniqueID(ppvtx) == 0) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: missing ppvtx for fp " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        moreP = true;
        iCase = 1;
 
        removePV.emplace_back(ppvtx, pp);
        removePV.emplace_back(pvtx, pp);
        deleteP.push_back(pp);
        removeV.push_back(pvtx);
        deleteV.push_back(pvtx);
        addoutPV.emplace_back(ppvtx, fp);
        if (doDebug) { ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: ppvtx,pp,pvtx,fp,evtx " << HepMC::uniqueID(ppvtx) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pp) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp)); }
      }
 
      // Case 2->1
 
      // Color recombination. Momentum is conserved so just keep 2.
      // Drop 1 and vertex.
      // ppvtx1,ppvtx2 -> pp1,pp2 -> pvtx -> fp
      // Recombination should not affect hard physics!
 
      if (pvtx->particles_in_size() == 2 && pvtx->particles_out_size() == 1) {
        // Incoming particles to parent vertex
        HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pitr = pvtx->particles_in_const_begin();
        HepMC::GenParticle* pp1 = *pitr;
        ++pitr;
        HepMC::GenParticle* pp2 = *pitr;
 
        // Check for 2->1->2 initial state interactions in Herwig++
        // Initial partons have pt=0, use pt<0.001MeV
        if (std::abs(pp1->momentum().perp()) < 1.e-3) continue;
        if (std::abs(pp2->momentum().perp()) < 1.e-3) continue;
        // Their parent vertices
        HepMC::GenVertex* ppvtx1 = pp1->production_vertex();
        HepMC::GenVertex* ppvtx2 = pp2->production_vertex();
        if (!ppvtx1 || HepMC::uniqueID(ppvtx1) == 0) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("2->1: missing ppvtx1 for fp " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
        if (!ppvtx2 || HepMC::uniqueID(ppvtx2) == 0) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("2->1: missing ppvtx2 for fp " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
 
        moreP = true;
        iCase = 2;
 
        removePV.emplace_back(pvtx, fp);
        removePV.emplace_back(pvtx, pp1);
        removePV.emplace_back(pvtx, pp2);
        deleteP.push_back(fp);
        removeV.push_back(pvtx);
        deleteV.push_back(pvtx);
 
        if (doDebug) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("2->1: ppvtx1,pp1,ppvtx2,pp2,pvtx,fp " << HepMC::uniqueID(ppvtx1) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pp1) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(ppvtx2) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pp2) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) << " "
                                                               << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
        }
      }
 
      // Case 1->2
 
      // Parton branching. Momentum not conserved; 2 momenta correct
      // Drop only if mass is below cut
      // ppvtx -> pp -> pvtx -> pout1,pout2/fp
 
      if (pvtx->particles_in_size() == 1 && pvtx->particles_out_size() == 2) {
        HepMC::GenVertex::particles_out_const_iterator poutitr = pvtx->particles_out_const_begin();
        HepMC::GenParticle* pout1 = *poutitr;
        ++poutitr;
        HepMC::GenParticle* pout2 = *poutitr;
 
        // Require two final partons and avoid duplication
        if (fp == pout1) {
          if (!((MC::isParton(pout2)|| MC::isDiquark(pout2)) && pout2->end_vertex() == nullptr)) {
            if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: not final " << HepMC::uniqueID(pout2));
            continue;
          }
        } else if (fp == pout2) {
          if (!((MC::isParton(pout1)|| MC::isDiquark(pout1)) && pout1->end_vertex() == nullptr)) {
            if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: not final " << HepMC::uniqueID(pout1));
            continue;
          }
        } else {
          ATH_MSG_WARNING("1->2: No match found for branching " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pout1) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pout2));
          continue;
        }
        if (fp != pout1) continue;
        // Incoming particle
        HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pitr = pvtx->particles_in_const_begin();
        HepMC::GenParticle* pp = *pitr;
 
        // Do not merge initial partons (pt<1MeV or m<-1MeV)
        if (pout1->momentum().m() < -1.0 || pout1->momentum().perp() < 1.0) continue;
        if (pout2->momentum().m() < -1.0 || pout2->momentum().perp() < 1.0) continue;
 
        // Parton pair mass cut
        HepMC::FourVector p12 = vtxOutMom(pvtx);
        double m12 = p12.m();
        if (m12 < 0) {
          if (fabs(m12) > 10. + 1.0e-5 * p12.e()) {
            ATH_MSG_WARNING("Spacelike mass^2 for parton sum " << m12 << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pp) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pout1) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pout2));
          }
          m12 = 0;
        }
        if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: parton pair mass " << m12);
        // If mass > cut, keep pair
        if (m12 > m_partonCut) {
          if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Keeping 1->2: parton mass " << m12);
          continue;
        }
 
        // Associated vertices
        HepMC::GenVertex* ppvtx = pp->production_vertex();
        if (!ppvtx || HepMC::uniqueID(ppvtx) == 0) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->2: missing ppvtx for fp " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp));
          ++m_missCount;
          continue;
        }
 
        // Merge branching
        moreP = true;
        iCase = 3;
        if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Merging 1->2: mass " << p12.m());
 
        changePK.emplace_back(pp, p12);
        removePV.emplace_back(pvtx, pp);
        removePV.emplace_back(pvtx, pout1);
        removePV.emplace_back(pvtx, pout2);
 
        deleteP.push_back(pout1);
        deleteP.push_back(pout2);
        removeV.push_back(pvtx);
        deleteV.push_back(pvtx);
 
        if (doDebug) {
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Merge 1->2: ppvtx,pp,pvtx,pout1,pout2,evtx " << ppvtx << " " << pp << " " << pvtx << " " << pout1 << " "
                                                                      << pout2);
          ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Merge 1->2: id " << pp->pdg_id() << " " << pout1->pdg_id() << " " << pout2->pdg_id());
        }
      } // end 1->2 case
 
      // Incoming proton vertex
 
      // Do nothing
      if (pvtx->particles_in_size() == 1) {
        // Incoming particle to parent vertex
        HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pitr = pvtx->particles_in_const_begin();
        HepMC::GenParticle* pp = *pitr;
        if (std::abs(pp->pdg_id()) == 2212) iCase = -1;
      }
 
      // Case not found
      // Need test for 2->2 in underlying event
      if (iCase == 0) {
        if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Case not found " << HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(fp) << " " << pvtx->particles_in_size() << " " << pvtx->particles_out_size());
      }
 
    } // end final parton loop
#endif
 
    // Actually implement changes -- remove particles from vertices
    // Parton ends free, so no addinPV
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Actually removing particles " << removePV.size());
 
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removePV.size(); ++i) {
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr v = removePV[i].first;
      HepMC::GenParticlePtr p = removePV[i].second;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Removing v,p " << v << " " << p);
#ifdef HEPMC3
      v->remove_particle_in(p);
      v->remove_particle_out(p);
#else      
      v->remove_particle(p);
#endif
    }
 
    // Actually implement changes -- add particles to vertices
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Actually add particles in/out " << addinPV.size() << " " << addoutPV.size());
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < addoutPV.size(); ++i) {
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr v = addoutPV[i].first;
      HepMC::GenParticlePtr p = addoutPV[i].second;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Adding v,p " << v << " " << p);
      v->add_particle_out(p);
    }
 
    // Actually implement changes -- change momenta
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < changePK.size(); ++i) {
      HepMC::GenParticlePtr pp = changePK[i].first;
      pp->set_momentum(changePK[i].second);
    }
 
    // Actually implement changes -- remove vertices
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Actually remove vertices " << removeV.size());
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removeV.size(); ++i) {
#ifdef HEPMC3
      int nv = thinEvt->vertices().size();
      if (doDebug) { ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Removing vertex " << removeV[i] << " " << nv << " " << thinEvt->vertices().size()); }
      thinEvt->remove_vertex(removeV[i]);
#else
      int nv = thinEvt->vertices_size();
      if (thinEvt->remove_vertex(removeV[i])) {
        if (doDebug) { ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Removed vertex " << removeV[i] << " " << nv << " " << thinEvt->vertices_size()); }
      } else {
        ATH_MSG_WARNING("Failed to remove vertex " << removeV[i]);
      }
#endif
    }
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("End while(moreP) pass " << moreP);
 
  } // end moreP
 
#ifdef HEPMC3
//AV HepMC3 uses smartpointers. This part is not needed.
#else
  // Delete removed particles/vertices
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Deleting vertices " << deleteV.size());
  deleteV.sort();
  deleteV.unique();
  for (dvItr = deleteV.begin(); dvItr != deleteV.end(); ++dvItr) {
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Deleting vertex " << (*dvItr));
    if (*dvItr) delete (*dvItr);
  }
 
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Deleting particles " << deleteP.size());
  deleteP.sort();
  deleteP.unique();
  for (dpItr = deleteP.begin(); dpItr != deleteP.end(); ++dpItr) {
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Deleting particle " << (*dpItr));
    if (*dpItr) delete (*dpItr);
  }
 
#endif
  // Strip soft underlying stuff
 
  if (doDebug && doExtra) {
    std::cout << "========== BEGIN EVENT BEFORE SOFT ==========" << std::endl;
    HepMC::Print::line(std::cout, *thinEvt);
    std::cout << "========== END EVENT BEFORE SOFT ==========" << std::endl;
  }
 
  // Have deleted all hadronization particles
  // Find all particles connected to hard process(es) with m_T>10GeV
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticlePtr> pNotHad;
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticlePtr> pHard;
#ifdef HEPMC3
  std::vector<HepMC::GenParticlePtr> beams=thinEvt->beams();
  for (auto fp: thinEvt->particles()) {
     HepMC::GenVertexPtr pvtx = fp->production_vertex();
    if (!pvtx) continue;
 
    double ep = fp->momentum().e();
    double pzp = fp->momentum().pz();
    double mtmax = (ep + pzp) * (ep - pzp);
    auto ancestors = HepMC::ancestor_particles(fp);
  
    for (auto gpar: ancestors) {
      double e = gpar->momentum().e();
      double pz = gpar->momentum().pz();
      mtmax = std::max((e+pz)*(e-pz), mtmax);
    }
 
    // Keep hard particles and all ancestors
    pNotHad.push_back(fp);
    int ida = std::abs(fp->pdg_id());
    bool keepid = (ida > 10 && ida < 20) || (ida > 1000000 && ida < 9000000);
    if (mtmax > m_hardCut * m_hardCut || keepid) {
      pHard.push_back(fp);
      pHard.insert(pHard.end(),ancestors.begin(),ancestors.end());
    }    
 
    // Also keep all descendants of interesting particles
    // Include leptons to get photons in Sherpa with no Z parent
    // All hard descendants would include soft initial radiation
    // Will remove duplicates with list sort/unique
    bool keepid2 = ( ida == 6) || (ida >= 11 && ida <= 16) || (ida >= 23 && ida <= 37) || (ida > 1000000 && ida < 9000000);
    if (keepid2 && fp->end_vertex()) {
      auto descendants = HepMC::descendant_particles(fp);
      pHard.insert(pHard.end(),descendants.begin(),descendants.end());
    }
  }
 
  // Sort/unique lists
  pNotHad.sort();
  pNotHad.unique();
  pHard.sort();
  pHard.unique();
 
  // Dump information
  if (doDebug) {
     int nhard = 0;
    for (auto ph: pHard) {
      ++nhard;
      ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Hard GenParticles " << ph );
    }
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Hard GenParticles total " << nhard);
  }
 
#else
//AV: This algorithm is terribly slow. For each particle the descendants and ancestors are called.
  HepMC::GenParticle* beams[2];
  beams[0] = thinEvt->beam_particles().first;
  beams[1] = thinEvt->beam_particles().second;
 
  HepMC::GenEvent::particle_iterator finp = thinEvt->particles_begin();
  HepMC::GenEvent::particle_iterator finpE = thinEvt->particles_end();
 
  for (; finp != finpE; ++finp) {
    HepMC::GenParticle* fp = *finp;
    HepMC::GenVertex* pvtx = fp->production_vertex();
    if (!pvtx) continue;
 
    double ep = fp->momentum().e();
    double pzp = fp->momentum().pz();
    double mtmax = (ep + pzp) * (ep - pzp);
    HepMC::GenVertex::particle_iterator gpar = fp->production_vertex()->particles_begin(HepMC::ancestors);
    HepMC::GenVertex::particle_iterator gparB = gpar;
    HepMC::GenVertex::particle_iterator gparE = fp->production_vertex()->particles_end(HepMC::ancestors);
 
    for (; gpar != gparE; ++gpar) {
      double e = (*gpar)->momentum().e();
      double pz = (*gpar)->momentum().pz();
      mtmax = std::max((e+pz)*(e-pz), mtmax);
    }
 
    // Keep hard particles and all ancestors
    pNotHad.push_back(fp);
    int ida = std::abs(fp->pdg_id());
    bool keepid = (ida > 10 && ida < 20) || (ida > 1000000 && ida < 9000000);
    if (mtmax > m_hardCut * m_hardCut || keepid) {
      pHard.push_back(fp);
      for (gpar = gparB; gpar != gparE; ++gpar)
        pHard.push_back(*gpar);
    }
 
    // Also keep all descendants of interesting particles
    // Include leptons to get photons in Sherpa with no Z parent
    // All hard descendants would include soft initial radiation
    // Will remove duplicates with list sort/unique
    bool keepid2 = ida == 6 || (ida >= 11 && ida <= 16) || (ida >= 23 && ida <= 37) || (ida > 1000000 && ida < 9000000);
    if (keepid2 && fp->end_vertex()) {
      HepMC::GenVertex::particle_iterator des = fp->end_vertex()->particles_begin(HepMC::descendants);
      HepMC::GenVertex::particle_iterator desE = fp->end_vertex()->particles_end(HepMC::descendants);
      for (; des != desE; ++des)
        pHard.push_back(*des);
    }
  }
 
  // Sort/unique lists
  pNotHad.sort();
  pNotHad.unique();
  pHard.sort();
  pHard.unique();
 
  // Dump information
  if (doDebug) {
    std::list<HepMC::GenParticle*>::iterator hItr2 = pHard.begin();
    std::list<HepMC::GenParticle*>::iterator hItr2E = pHard.end();
    int nhard = 0;
    for (; hItr2 != hItr2E; ++hItr2) {
      ++nhard;
      ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Hard GenParticles " << (*hItr2) );
    }
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Hard GenParticles total " << nhard);
  }
 
#endif
  // Remove non-hadronization, non-hard GenParticles from vertices
  // and delete them using lists constructed above.
  // Any 1->1 vertices created will be removed below.
#ifdef HEPMC3
  for (auto p: pNotHad) {
    // Skip hard ones
    bool isHard = false;
    for (auto h: pHard) {
      if (p == h) {
        isHard = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Particle bc/isHard " << p << " " << isHard);
    if (isHard) continue;
    HepMC::GenVertexPtr pvtx = p->production_vertex();
    if (pvtx) pvtx->remove_particle_out(p);
    HepMC::GenVertexPtr evtx = p->end_vertex();
    if (evtx) evtx->remove_particle_in(p);
   }
#else
 
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticle*>::iterator pItr = pNotHad.begin();
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticle*>::iterator pItrE = pNotHad.end();
 
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticle*>::iterator hItr = pHard.begin();
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticle*>::iterator hItrB = pHard.begin();
  std::list<HepMC::GenParticle*>::iterator hItrE = pHard.end();
 
  for (; pItr != pItrE; ++pItr) {
    HepMC::GenParticle* p = *pItr;
 
    // Skip hard ones
    bool isHard = false;
    for (hItr = hItrB; hItr != hItrE; ++hItr) {
      if (p == (*hItr)) {
        isHard = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Particle bc/isHard " << HepMC::uniqueID(p) << " " << isHard);
    if (isHard) continue;
    HepMC::GenVertex* pvtx = p->production_vertex();
    if (pvtx) pvtx->remove_particle(p);
    HepMC::GenVertex* evtx = p->end_vertex();
    if (evtx) evtx->remove_particle(p);
    delete p;
  }
#endif
 
  // Remove and delete vertices with no remaining particles
 
  removeV.clear();
  deleteV.clear();
 
#ifdef HEPMC3
  for (auto vtx: thinEvt->vertices()) {
    if (vtx->particles_in().size() != 0) continue;
    if (vtx->particles_out().size() != 0) continue;
    removeV.push_back(vtx);
    deleteV.push_back(vtx);
  }
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Removing/deleting 0-particle vertices " << removeV.size() << " " << deleteV.size());
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removeV.size(); ++i) {
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Removing vertex " << removeV[i]);
    thinEvt->remove_vertex(removeV[i]);
  }
#else
  HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator vtx = thinEvt->vertices_begin();
  HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator vtxE = thinEvt->vertices_end();
  for (; vtx != vtxE; ++vtx) {
    if ((*vtx)->particles_in_size() != 0) continue;
    if ((*vtx)->particles_out_size() != 0) continue;
    removeV.push_back(*vtx);
    deleteV.push_back(*vtx);
  }
 
  if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Removing/deleting 0-particle vertices " << removeV.size() << " " << deleteV.size());
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removeV.size(); ++i) {
    if (thinEvt->remove_vertex(removeV[i])) {
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Removed vertex " << removeV[i]);
    } else {
      ATH_MSG_WARNING("Failed to remove vertex " << removeV[i]);
    }
  }
 
  deleteV.sort();
  deleteV.unique();
  for (dvItr = deleteV.begin(); dvItr != deleteV.end(); ++dvItr) {
    if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Deleting vertex " << (*dvItr));
    if (*dvItr) delete (*dvItr);
  }
#endif
 
  // Remove remaining 1-1 vertices
 
  if (doDebug && doExtra) {
    std::cout << "========== BEGIN EVENT BEFORE 1-BODY ==========" << std::endl;
    HepMC::Print::line(std::cout, *thinEvt);
    std::cout << "========== END EVENT BEFORE 1-BODY ==========" << std::endl;
  }
 
  // Not clear how to order sweep, so do it one at a time.
  // Always keep child
  // pvtx -> pin -> vtx11 -> pout -> evtx
 
#ifdef HEPMC3
  bool moreV1 = true;
  HepMC::GenVertexPtr vtx11;
  HepMC::GenParticlePtr pin;
  HepMC::GenParticlePtr pout;
 
  while (moreV1) {
    moreV1 = false;
    // Find next 1->1 vertex
    for (auto  v: thinEvt->vertices()) {
      if (v->particles_in().size() != 1) continue;
      if (v->particles_out().size() != 1) continue;
      pin = *(v->particles_in().begin());
      pout = *(v->particles_out().begin());
      if (pin->pdg_id() != pout->pdg_id()) continue;
      // Sherpa does 1-body decay of incoming protons :-(
      if (pin == beams[0] || pin == beams[1]) continue;
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr pvtx = pin->production_vertex();
      if (!pvtx || pvtx->parent_event() == nullptr) {
        ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: missing pvtx for vertex " << v);
        ++m_missCount;
        continue;
      }
      moreV1 = true;
      vtx11 = v;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("One-body " << pin << " " << vtx11 << " " << pout);
      break;
    }
    if (moreV1) {
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr pvtx = pin->production_vertex();
      pvtx->remove_particle_in(pin);
      pvtx->remove_particle_out(pin);
      pvtx->add_particle_out(pout);
      vtx11->remove_particle_in(pin);
      vtx11->remove_particle_out(pin);
      vtx11->remove_particle_in(pout);
      vtx11->remove_particle_out(pout);
      thinEvt->remove_vertex(vtx11);
       if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("One-body new pvtx " << pvtx << " " << pvtx->particles_in().size() << " " << pvtx->particles_out().size());
    }
  }
#else
  bool moreV1 = true;
  HepMC::GenVertex* vtx11;
  HepMC::GenParticle* pin;
  HepMC::GenParticle* pout;
 
  while (moreV1) {
    moreV1 = false;
 
    HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator v = thinEvt->vertices_begin();
    HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator vE = thinEvt->vertices_end();
 
    // Find next 1->1 vertex
    for (; v != vE; ++v) {
      if ((*v)->particles_in_size() != 1) continue;
      if ((*v)->particles_out_size() != 1) continue;
      pin = *((*v)->particles_in_const_begin());
      pout = *((*v)->particles_out_const_begin());
      if (pin->pdg_id() != pout->pdg_id()) continue;
      // Sherpa does 1-body decay of incoming protons :-(
      if (pin == beams[0] || pin == beams[1]) continue;
      HepMC::GenVertex* pvtx = pin->production_vertex();
      if (!pvtx || HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) == 0) {
        ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->1: missing pvtx for vertex " << HepMC::uniqueID(*v));
        ++m_missCount;
        continue;
      }
 
      moreV1 = true;
      vtx11 = (*v);
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("One-body " << HepMC::uniqueID(pin) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(vtx11) << " " << HepMC::uniqueID(pout));
      break;
    }
    if (moreV1) {
      HepMC::GenVertex* pvtx = pin->production_vertex();
      pvtx->remove_particle(pin);
      pvtx->add_particle_out(pout);
      vtx11->remove_particle(pin);
      vtx11->remove_particle(pout);
      thinEvt->remove_vertex(vtx11);
      delete pin;
      delete vtx11;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("One-body new pvtx " << HepMC::uniqueID(pvtx) << " " << pvtx->particles_in_size() << " " << pvtx->particles_out_size());
    }
  }
 
#endif
  // Remove dangling particles/vertices
 
  // GEN_EVENT -> GEN_AOD conversion applies pt cut to partons, breaking
  // tree structure. Result is "dangling" partons with 1 -> 0 vertices.
  // FIXME!! Meanwhile discard these if pt < m_danglePtCut.
 
  if (m_danglePtCut > 0) {
 
    removePV.clear();
    removeV.clear();
    deleteP.clear();
    deleteV.clear();
 
#ifdef HEPMC3
    for (auto badv:  thinEvt->vertices()) {
      if (!badv) continue;
      if (badv->particles_in().size() != 1 || badv->particles_out().size() != 0) continue;
      auto pitr = badv->particles_in().begin();
      HepMC::GenParticlePtr pp = *pitr;
      if (pp->production_vertex()) continue;
      double pt = pp->momentum().perp();
      if (pt > m_danglePtMax) m_danglePtMax = pt;
      ++m_dangleFound;
      if (pt > m_danglePtCut) continue;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->0: removing pp,badv,pt " << pp << " " << badv << " " << pt);
      removePV.push_back(vpPair(badv, pp));
      deleteP.push_back(pp);
      removeV.push_back(badv);
      deleteV.push_back(badv);
      ++m_dangleRemoved;
    }
    // Actually implement changes -- remove particles from vertices
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removePV.size(); ++i) {
      HepMC::GenVertexPtr v = removePV[i].first;
      HepMC::GenParticlePtr p = removePV[i].second;
      v->remove_particle_in(p);
      v->remove_particle_out(p);
    }
    // Actually implement changes -- remove vertices
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removeV.size(); ++i) {
      thinEvt->remove_vertex(removeV[i]);
    }
//AV: HepMC3 uses smart pointers
#else
    HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator badv = thinEvt->vertices_begin();
    HepMC::GenEvent::vertex_iterator badvE = thinEvt->vertices_end();
 
    for (; badv != badvE; ++badv) {
      if (!(*badv)) continue;
      if ((*badv)->particles_in_size() != 1 || (*badv)->particles_out_size() != 0) continue;
      HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator pitr = (*badv)->particles_in_const_begin();
      HepMC::GenParticle* pp = *pitr;
      if (pp->production_vertex()) continue;
      double pt = pp->momentum().perp();
      if (pt > m_danglePtMax) m_danglePtMax = pt;
      ++m_dangleFound;
      if (pt > m_danglePtCut) continue;
      if (doDebug) ATH_MSG_DEBUG("1->0: removing pp,badv,pt " << pp << " " << *badv << " " << pt);
      removePV.emplace_back(*badv, pp);
      deleteP.push_back(pp);
      removeV.push_back(*badv);
      deleteV.push_back(*badv);
      ++m_dangleRemoved;
    }
 
    // Actually implement changes -- remove particles from vertices
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removePV.size(); ++i) {
      HepMC::GenVertex* v = removePV[i].first;
      HepMC::GenParticle* p = removePV[i].second;
      v->remove_particle(p);
    }
 
    // Actually implement changes -- remove vertices
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < removeV.size(); ++i) {
      if (!thinEvt->remove_vertex(removeV[i])) { ATH_MSG_WARNING("1->0: Failed to remove vertex " << removeV[i]); }
    }
 
    // Delete removed particles/vertices
    deleteV.sort();
    deleteV.unique();
    for (dvItr = deleteV.begin(); dvItr != deleteV.end(); ++dvItr) {
      if (*dvItr) delete (*dvItr);
    }
 
    deleteP.sort();
    deleteP.unique();
    for (dpItr = deleteP.begin(); dpItr != deleteP.end(); ++dpItr) {
      if (*dpItr) delete (*dpItr);
    }
#endif
  } // end m_danglePtCut
 
  // Done - examine results
 
  if (doPrint) {
    std::cout << "========== BEGIN EVENT AFTER THINNING ==========" << std::endl;
    HepMC::Print::line(std::cout, *thinEvt);
    std::cout << "========== END EVENT AFTER THINNING ==========" << std::endl;
  }
 
  m_thinParticles += thinEvt->particles_size();
  m_thinVertices += thinEvt->vertices_size();
 
  // Save thinned event in output container
 
  thinnedMcEvts->push_back(thinEvt);
  return StatusCode::SUCCESS;
}
 
// Const methods:
 
// Total cluster FourVectors
 
HepMC::FourVector CompactHardTruth::vtxInMom(HepMC::ConstGenVertexPtr v) {
#ifdef HEPMC3
  HepMC::FourVector ret(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
  for (auto p: v->particles_in()) ret+=p->momentum();
  return ret;
#else
  double px = 0;
  double py = 0;
  double pz = 0;
  double e = 0;
  HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator it = v->particles_in_const_begin();
  HepMC::GenVertex::particles_in_const_iterator itE = v->particles_in_const_end();
  for (; it != itE; ++it) {
    px += (*it)->momentum().px();
    py += (*it)->momentum().py();
    pz += (*it)->momentum().pz();
    e += (*it)->momentum().e();
  }
  return HepMC::FourVector(px, py, pz, e);
#endif
}
 
HepMC::FourVector CompactHardTruth::vtxOutMom(HepMC::ConstGenVertexPtr v) {
#ifdef HEPMC3
  HepMC::FourVector ret(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
  for (auto p: v->particles_out()) ret+=p->momentum();
  return ret;
#else
  double px = 0;
  double py = 0;
  double pz = 0;
  double e = 0;
  HepMC::GenVertex::particles_out_const_iterator it = v->particles_out_const_begin();
  HepMC::GenVertex::particles_out_const_iterator itE = v->particles_out_const_end();
  for (; it != itE; ++it) {
    px += (*it)->momentum().px();
    py += (*it)->momentum().py();
    pz += (*it)->momentum().pz();
    e += (*it)->momentum().e();
  }
  return HepMC::FourVector(px, py, pz, e);
#endif
}
 
} // namespace DerivationFramework