CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl.cxx

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/*
  Copyright (C) 2002-2025 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration
*/
 
// Calo
#include "CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl.h"
// Trk
#include "TrkDetDescrInterfaces/IDynamicLayerCreator.h"
#include "TrkDetDescrInterfaces/ILayerArrayCreator.h"
#include "TrkDetDescrUtils/BinUtility.h"
#include "TrkDetDescrUtils/BinnedArray.h"
#include "TrkDetDescrUtils/BinnedArray1D1D.h"
#include "TrkDetDescrUtils/GeometryStatics.h"
//
#include "TrkGeometry/AlignableTrackingVolume.h"
#include "TrkGeometry/BinnedMaterial.h"
#include "TrkGeometry/DiscLayer.h"
#include "TrkGeometry/GlueVolumesDescriptor.h"
#include "TrkGeometry/HomogeneousLayerMaterial.h"
#include "TrkGeometry/MaterialProperties.h"
#include "TrkGeometry/TrackingGeometry.h"
#include "TrkGeometry/TrackingVolume.h"
//
#include "TrkSurfaces/DiscBounds.h"
#include "TrkSurfaces/DiscSurface.h"
#include "TrkSurfaces/TrapezoidBounds.h"
#include "TrkVolumes/CylinderVolumeBounds.h"
#include "TrkVolumes/VolumeBounds.h"
//
#include <memory>
//
#include "AthenaKernel/IOVInfiniteRange.h"
#include "GaudiKernel/SystemOfUnits.h"
 
// constructor
Calo::CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl::CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl(
    const std::string& t, const std::string& n, const IInterface* p)
    : AthAlgTool(t, n, p) {
}
 
// destructor
Calo::CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl::~CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl()  = default;
 
// Athena standard methods
// initialize
StatusCode Calo::CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl::initialize() {
 
  // Retrieve the tracking volume array creator
  // -------------------------------------------------
  ATH_CHECK(m_trackingVolumeArrayCreator.retrieve());
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Retrieved tool " << m_trackingVolumeArrayCreator);
  
  // Retrieve the second volume creator
  if (m_buildMBTS) {
    ATH_CHECK(m_trackingVolumeCreator.retrieve());
    ATH_MSG_INFO("Retrieved tool " << m_trackingVolumeCreator);
  };
 
  // Retrieve the volume builders
  // -------------------------------------------------
  ATH_CHECK(m_lArVolumeBuilder.retrieve());
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Retrieved tool " << m_lArVolumeBuilder);
 
  // Retrieve the tracking volume helper
  // -------------------------------------------------
  ATH_CHECK(m_tileVolumeBuilder.retrieve());
  ATH_MSG_INFO("Retrieved tool " << m_tileVolumeBuilder);
 
  ATH_MSG_INFO("initialize() succesful");
 
  return StatusCode::SUCCESS;
}
 
std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingGeometry>
Calo::CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl::createTrackingGeometry(Trk::TrackingVolume* innerVol
                                  , const CaloDetDescrManager* caloDDM
                                  , const GeoAlignmentStore* geoAlign) const {
 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Starting to build CaloTrackingGeometry ...");
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* calorimeter = nullptr;
 
  // the key dimensions
  RZPairVector keyDim;
 
  // the enclosed input volume (ID)
  double enclosedInnerSectorHalflength = 0.;
  double enclosedInnerSectorRadius = 0.;
 
  if (innerVol) {
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Got Inner Detector Volume: " << innerVol->volumeName());
    innerVol->screenDump(msg(MSG::VERBOSE));
 
    // retrieve dimensions
    const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* innerDetectorBounds =
        dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
            &(innerVol->volumeBounds()));
    if (!innerDetectorBounds)
      std::abort();
 
    enclosedInnerSectorHalflength = innerDetectorBounds->halflengthZ();
    enclosedInnerSectorRadius = innerDetectorBounds->outerRadius();
 
    keyDim.emplace_back(enclosedInnerSectorRadius, enclosedInnerSectorHalflength);
  }
  // get the dimensions from the envelope service
  const RZPairVector& envelopeDefsIn =
      m_enclosingEnvelopeSvc->getCaloRZBoundary();
 
  // find the max,max pair
  unsigned int ii = 0;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < envelopeDefsIn.size(); i++) {
    if (envelopeDefsIn[i].second > envelopeDefsIn[ii].second)
      ii = i;
    else if (envelopeDefsIn[i].second == envelopeDefsIn[ii].second &&
             envelopeDefsIn[i].first > envelopeDefsIn[ii].first)
      ii = i;
  }
 
  // find the sense of rotation
  int irot = 1;
  unsigned int inext = ii + 1;
  if (inext == envelopeDefsIn.size())
    inext = 0;
  if (envelopeDefsIn[inext].second != envelopeDefsIn[ii].second) {
    irot = -1;
    inext = ii > 0 ? ii - 1 : envelopeDefsIn.size() - 1;
  }
 
  // fill starting with upper low edge, end with upper high edge
  RZPairVector envelopeDefs;
  if (irot > 0) {
    for (unsigned int i = inext; i < envelopeDefsIn.size(); i++)
      envelopeDefs.push_back(envelopeDefsIn[i]);
    if (inext > 0)
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i <= inext - 1; i++)
        envelopeDefs.push_back(envelopeDefsIn[i]);
  } else {
    int i = inext;
    while (i >= 0) {
      envelopeDefs.push_back(envelopeDefsIn[i]);
      i = i - 1;
    };
    inext = envelopeDefsIn.size() - 1;
    while (inext >= ii) {
      envelopeDefs.push_back(envelopeDefsIn[inext]);
      inext = inext - 1;
    };
  }
 
  double envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ = m_caloDefaultHalflengthZ;
 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Calo envelope definition retrieved:");
  RZPairVector msCutouts;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < envelopeDefs.size(); i++) {
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Rz pair:" << i << ":" << envelopeDefs[i].first << ","
                               << envelopeDefs[i].second);
    if (std::abs(envelopeDefs[i].second) < envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ)
      envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ = std::abs(envelopeDefs[i].second);
    // ID dimensions : pick 1100 < R < 1200
    if (envelopeDefs[i].first > 1100. && envelopeDefs[i].first < 1200. &&
        envelopeDefs[i].second > 0.) {
      // check that radial size of ID envelope fits
      if (enclosedInnerSectorRadius != envelopeDefs[i].first)
        ATH_MSG_INFO(
            "Enclosed ID volume radius does not match ID envelope, adjusting "
            "Calo.");
      envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ = envelopeDefs[i].second;
      if (!innerVol) {
        enclosedInnerSectorRadius = envelopeDefs[i].first;
        enclosedInnerSectorHalflength = envelopeDefs[i].second;
      }
    }
    // collect outer cutouts, process those with |z| < 6785.mm ( this cut should
    // be synchronized with MS default size,
    //  MS builder would crash for a longer input volume )
    if (envelopeDefs[i].second > 0. && envelopeDefs[i].second < 6785. &&
        (envelopeDefs[i].first > 1200. ||
         envelopeDefs[i].second > envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ)) {
      if (msCutouts.empty())
        msCutouts.push_back(envelopeDefs[i]);
      else {
        RZPairVector::iterator envIter = msCutouts.begin();
        while (envIter != msCutouts.end() &&
               (*envIter).second < envelopeDefs[i].second)
          ++envIter;
        while (envIter != msCutouts.end() &&
               (*envIter).second == envelopeDefs[i].second &&
               (*envIter).first > envelopeDefs[i].first)
          ++envIter;
        msCutouts.insert(envIter, envelopeDefs[i]);
      }
    }
    // end outer (MS) cutouts
  }
  if (msgLvl(MSG::VERBOSE)) {
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < msCutouts.size(); i++)
      ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("MS cutouts to be processed by Calo:"
                      << i << ":" << msCutouts[i].first << ","
                      << msCutouts[i].second);
  }
 
  // first member of msCutouts redefines the default central cylinder dimension
  double caloDefaultRadius = m_caloDefaultRadius;
  double caloDefaultHalflengthZ = m_caloDefaultHalflengthZ;
 
  if (!msCutouts.empty()) {
    caloDefaultRadius = msCutouts[0].first;
    caloDefaultHalflengthZ = msCutouts[0].second;
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE(
        " Calo central cylinder dimensions adjusted using EnvelopeSvc:"
        << m_caloDefaultRadius << "," << m_caloDefaultHalflengthZ);
  }
 
  // create dummy ID if not built already
 
  if (!innerVol) {
    auto idBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
        enclosedInnerSectorRadius, enclosedInnerSectorHalflength);
 
    auto idTr = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Trk::s_idTransform);
 
    innerVol =
        new Trk::TrackingVolume(std::move(idTr), std::move(idBounds), m_caloMaterial, nullptr,
                                nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::DummyID");
 
    keyDim.emplace_back(enclosedInnerSectorRadius, enclosedInnerSectorHalflength);
  }
 
  // BEAM PIPE
  const RZPairVector& bpDefs = m_enclosingEnvelopeSvc->getBeamPipeRZBoundary();
 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("BeamPipe envelope definition retrieved:");
  RZPairVector bpCutouts;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bpDefs.size(); i++) {
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Rz pair:" << i << ":" << bpDefs[i].first << ","
                               << bpDefs[i].second);
    // beam pipe within calo : pick 10. < R < 200;  envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ   =<
    // z  <= msCutouts.back().second;
    if (bpDefs[i].first > 10. && bpDefs[i].first < 200. &&
        bpDefs[i].second >= envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ &&
        bpDefs[i].second <= msCutouts.back().second) {
      bpCutouts.push_back(bpDefs[i]);
    }
    if (i > 0 && i < 4)
      keyDim.push_back(bpDefs[i]);
  }
 
  // no beam pipe within ID
  // if (bpCutouts[0].second == envEnclosingVolumeHalfZ && bpCutouts[0].first >
  // 0 )  bpCutouts[0].first=0.;
  // last not needed
  if (bpCutouts.size() > 1 &&
      bpCutouts.back().second == bpCutouts[bpCutouts.size() - 2].second)
    bpCutouts.erase(bpCutouts.end() - 1);
  // end beam pipe envelope within Calo
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bpCutouts.size(); i++)
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Beam pipe dimensions to be used by Calo:"
                    << i << ":" << bpCutouts[i].first << ","
                    << bpCutouts[i].second);
 
  keyDim.emplace_back(caloDefaultRadius, caloDefaultHalflengthZ);

 
  // PART 1 : Liquid Argon Volumes
  // ===========================================================================================
  // get the Tracking Volumes from the LAr Builder
  //
  const std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> lArVolumes =
    m_lArVolumeBuilder->trackingVolumes(*caloDDM,geoAlign);
 
  ATH_MSG_INFO(lArVolumes.size()
               << " volumes retrieved from " << m_lArVolumeBuilder.name());
 
  // LAr Barrel part
  Trk::TrackingVolume* solenoid = lArVolumes[0];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* solenoidlArPresamplerGap = lArVolumes[1];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArBarrelPresampler = lArVolumes[2];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArBarrel = lArVolumes[3];
 
  // LAr Positive Endcap part
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveMBTS = lArVolumes[4];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveEndcap = lArVolumes[5];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveHec = lArVolumes[6];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveFcal = lArVolumes[7];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveHecFcalCover = lArVolumes[8];
  // LAr Negative Endcap part
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeMBTS = lArVolumes[9];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeEndcap = lArVolumes[10];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeHec = lArVolumes[11];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeFcal = lArVolumes[12];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeHecFcalCover = lArVolumes[13];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPosECPresampler = lArVolumes[14];
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegECPresampler = lArVolumes[15];
 
  // PART 2 : Tile Volumes
  // ===========================================================================================
  // get the Tracking Volumes from the Tile Builder
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> tileVolumes =
    m_tileVolumeBuilder->trackingVolumes(*caloDDM,geoAlign);
 
  ATH_MSG_INFO(tileVolumes.size()
               << " volumes retrieved from " << m_tileVolumeBuilder.name());
  if (msgLvl(MSG::INFO)) {
    ATH_MSG_INFO(
        "--------------- detailed output "
        "---------------------------------------------------------- ");
    auto tileVolIter = tileVolumes.begin();
    auto tileVolIterEnd = tileVolumes.end();
    for (; tileVolIter != tileVolIterEnd;
         (*tileVolIter)->screenDump(msg(MSG::VERBOSE)), ++tileVolIter)
      ;
  }
 
  // Tile Barrel part
  Trk::TrackingVolume* tileCombined = tileVolumes[0];
  // Tile Positive Extended Part
  Trk::TrackingVolume* tilePositiveExtendedBarrel = tileVolumes[1];
 
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* ebBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(tilePositiveExtendedBarrel->volumeBounds()));
 
  double rTileMin = ebBounds ? ebBounds->innerRadius() : 2288.;
  double zTileMin = ebBounds ? tilePositiveExtendedBarrel->center().z() -
                                   ebBounds->halflengthZ()
                             : 3559.5;
 
  keyDim.emplace_back(rTileMin, zTileMin);
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < keyDim.size(); i++) {
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("key dimensions:" << i << ":" << keyDim[i].first << ","
                                      << keyDim[i].second);
  }
 
  // The Bounds needed for the Gap Volume creation
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* solenoidBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(solenoid->volumeBounds()));
  if (!solenoidBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* lArBarrelBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(lArBarrel->volumeBounds()));
  if (!lArBarrelBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* lArPositiveEndcapBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(lArPositiveEndcap->volumeBounds()));
  if (!lArPositiveEndcapBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* lArNegativeEndcapBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(lArNegativeEndcap->volumeBounds()));
  if (!lArNegativeEndcapBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* lArPositiveHecBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(lArPositiveHec->volumeBounds()));
  if (!lArPositiveHecBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* lArPositiveFcalBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(lArPositiveFcal->volumeBounds()));
  if (!lArPositiveFcalBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* lArNegativeFcalBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(lArNegativeFcal->volumeBounds()));
  if (!lArNegativeFcalBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* tileCombinedBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(tileCombined->volumeBounds()));
  if (!tileCombinedBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
 
  // Create the gap volumes
  // ======================================================================
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArTileCentralSectorGap = nullptr;
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveSectorInnerGap = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveSectorOuterGap = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveSectorOuterGap0 = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArCentralPositiveGap = nullptr;
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeSectorInnerGap = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeSectorOuterGap = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeSectorOuterGap0 = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArCentralNegativeGap = nullptr;
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* trtSolenoidGap = nullptr;
 
  double caloPositiveOuterBoundary = tileCombinedBounds->halflengthZ();
 
  double lArPositiveOuterBoundary = lArPositiveFcal->center().z();
  lArPositiveOuterBoundary += lArPositiveFcalBounds->halflengthZ();
 
  // No. 1
  // building dense volume here
  Trk::Material tilePositiveSectorInnerGapMaterial =
      Trk::Material(58., 565., 30.7, 14.6, 0.0025);
 
  // calo sensitive volume outer radius/z extent defined (for example) here
  float caloVolsOuterRadius = tileCombinedBounds->outerRadius();
  float caloVolsExtendZ = caloPositiveOuterBoundary;

  //  LAr InnerGap sector + beam pipe
 
  Trk::Material lArSectorInnerGapMaterial =
      Trk::Material(361., 1370., 14.5, 7., 0.0009);  // ???
 
  // create beam pipe volumes for InnerGap/MBTS and return their outer radius
  float rInnerGapBP = 0.;
  std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*> innerGapBP =
      createBeamPipeVolumes(
          bpCutouts, keyDim[0].second,
          // lArPositiveEndcap->center().z()-lArPositiveEndcapBounds->halflengthZ(),
          keyDim.back().second, "InnerGap", rInnerGapBP);
 
  double z = 0.5 * (keyDim.back().second + keyDim[0].second);
 
  auto mbtsNegLayers = std::make_unique<std::vector<Trk::Layer*>>();
  auto mbtsPosLayers = std::make_unique<std::vector<Trk::Layer*>>();
 
  if (lArPositiveMBTS && lArNegativeMBTS) {
    // Disc
    const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* mbtsBounds =
        dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
            &(lArPositiveMBTS->volumeBounds()));
    if (mbtsBounds && m_buildMBTS) {
      float rmin = mbtsBounds->innerRadius();
      float rmax = mbtsBounds->outerRadius();
      // float d = mbtsBounds->halflengthZ();
      auto dibo = std::make_shared<Trk::DiscBounds>(rmin, rmax);
      // MBTS positions
      Amg::Transform3D mbtsNegZpos =
          Amg::Transform3D(Amg::Translation3D(lArNegativeMBTS->center()));
      Amg::Transform3D mbtsPosZpos =
          Amg::Transform3D(Amg::Translation3D(lArPositiveMBTS->center()));
      // create the two Layers ( TODO: add trd surface subarray )
      Trk::DiscLayer* mbtsNegLayer = new Trk::DiscLayer(
          mbtsNegZpos, dibo,
          // mbtsNegLayerSurfArray,
          Trk::HomogeneousLayerMaterial(
              Trk::MaterialProperties(m_caloMaterial, 1.), 1.),
          1.);
      Trk::DiscLayer* mbtsPosLayer = new Trk::DiscLayer(
          mbtsPosZpos, std::make_shared<Trk::DiscBounds>(*dibo),
          // mbtsPosLayerSurfArray,
          Trk::HomogeneousLayerMaterial(
              Trk::MaterialProperties(m_caloMaterial, 1.), 1.),
          1. * Gaudi::Units::mm);
 
      mbtsNegLayers->push_back(mbtsNegLayer);
      mbtsPosLayers->push_back(mbtsPosLayer);
    }
  }
 
  // building inner gap
  auto lArG1Bounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
      rInnerGapBP,
      // lArPositiveEndcapBounds->outerRadius(),
      keyDim[0].first, 0.5 * (keyDim.back().second - keyDim[0].second));
 
  auto lArG1P =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., z)));
  lArPositiveSectorInnerGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArG1P),  std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*lArG1Bounds),
      lArSectorInnerGapMaterial, std::move(mbtsPosLayers),
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveSectorInnerGap");
 
  auto lArG1N =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -z)));
  lArNegativeSectorInnerGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArG1N),
      std::move(lArG1Bounds),
      lArSectorInnerGapMaterial,
      std::move(mbtsNegLayers), "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeSectorInnerGap");
 
  // glue InnerGap with beam pipe volumes
  Trk::TrackingVolume* positiveInnerGap = nullptr;
  if (innerGapBP.first) {
    std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsInnerGap;
    volsInnerGap.push_back(innerGapBP.first);
    volsInnerGap.push_back(lArPositiveSectorInnerGap);
    positiveInnerGap = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
        volsInnerGap, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveInnerGap");
  } else
    positiveInnerGap = lArPositiveSectorInnerGap;
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* negativeInnerGap = nullptr;
  if (innerGapBP.second) {
    std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsInnerGap;
    volsInnerGap.push_back(innerGapBP.second);
    volsInnerGap.push_back(lArNegativeSectorInnerGap);
    negativeInnerGap = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
        volsInnerGap, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeInnerGap");
  } else
    negativeInnerGap = lArNegativeSectorInnerGap;
 
  // glue MBTS volumes with ID
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> inBufferVolumes;
  inBufferVolumes.push_back(negativeInnerGap);
  inBufferVolumes.push_back(innerVol);
  inBufferVolumes.push_back(positiveInnerGap);
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* inDetEnclosed =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          inBufferVolumes, m_caloMaterial,
          "Calo::Container::EnclosedInnerDetector");
 
  ATH_MSG_DEBUG(" Inner detector enclosed (MBTS volumes)");

  // LAr endcap sector including the beam pipe
  // create beam pipe volumes for Endcap and return their outer radius
  float rEndcapBP = 0.;
  std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*> endcapBP =
      createBeamPipeVolumes(bpCutouts, keyDim.back().second,
                            lArPositiveEndcap->center().z() +
                                lArPositiveEndcapBounds->halflengthZ(),
                            "Endcap", rEndcapBP);
 
  // build lAr vessel around EC Presampler
  const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds* ecpBounds =
      dynamic_cast<const Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds*>(
          &(lArPosECPresampler->volumeBounds()));
  if (!ecpBounds){
    std::abort();
  }
 
  float ecpHz = ecpBounds->halflengthZ();
  float ecpRmin = ecpBounds->innerRadius();
  float ecpRmax = ecpBounds->outerRadius();
 
  auto ecpPos = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(lArPosECPresampler->transform());
  auto ecpNeg = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(lArNegECPresampler->transform());
 
  auto ecpUpBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(ecpRmax, keyDim.back().first, ecpHz);
  auto ecpDownBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(rEndcapBP, ecpRmin, ecpHz);
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerCoverPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*ecpPos), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*ecpUpBounds),
      m_Al, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveECPresamplerCover");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerCoverNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*ecpNeg),
      std::move(ecpUpBounds), m_Al, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeECPresamplerCover");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerInnerPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecpPos), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*ecpDownBounds),
      m_Al, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveECPresamplerInner");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerInnerNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecpNeg),
      std::move(ecpDownBounds),
      m_Al, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeECPresamplerInner");
 
  // glue EC presampler radially
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsECP;
  volsECP.push_back(ecPresamplerInnerPos);
  volsECP.push_back(lArPosECPresampler);
  volsECP.push_back(ecPresamplerCoverPos);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* positiveECP =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsECP, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveECPresamplerR");
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsECN;
  volsECN.push_back(ecPresamplerInnerNeg);
  volsECN.push_back(lArNegECPresampler);
  volsECN.push_back(ecPresamplerCoverNeg);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* negativeECP =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsECN, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeECPresamplerR");
 
  // add surrounding buffers
  z = lArPosECPresampler->center().z() - ecpHz;
  float z1 = lArPosECPresampler->center().z() + ecpHz;
  float z2 =
      lArPositiveEndcap->center().z() - lArPositiveEndcapBounds->halflengthZ();
 
  auto ecIPos = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(
      Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., 0.5 * (z + keyDim.back().second))));
 
  auto ecINeg = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(
      Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -0.5 * (z + keyDim.back().second))));
 
  auto ecpIBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
      rEndcapBP, keyDim.back().first, 0.5 * (z - keyDim.back().second));
 
  auto ecOPos = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
      Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., 0.5 * (z1 + z2))));
 
  auto ecONeg = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
      Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -0.5 * (z1 + z2))));
 
  auto ecpOBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
      rEndcapBP, keyDim.back().first, 0.5 * (z2 - z1));
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerInPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecIPos), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*ecpIBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveECPresamplerIn");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerInNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecINeg), std::move(ecpIBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeECPresamplerIn");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerOutPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecOPos), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*ecpOBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveECPresamplerOut");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPresamplerOutNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecONeg), std::move(ecpOBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeECPresamplerOut");
 
  // glue EC presampler in z
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volECP;
  volECP.push_back(ecPresamplerInPos);
  volECP.push_back(positiveECP);
  volECP.push_back(ecPresamplerOutPos);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* positiveEP =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volECP, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveECPresampler");
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volECN;
  volECN.push_back(ecPresamplerOutNeg);
  volECN.push_back(negativeECP);
  volECN.push_back(ecPresamplerInNeg);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* negativeEP =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volECN, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeECPresampler");
 
  // build lAr vessel around EMEC
  ecpHz = lArPositiveEndcapBounds->halflengthZ();
  ecpRmin = lArPositiveEndcapBounds->innerRadius();
  ecpRmax = lArPositiveEndcapBounds->outerRadius();
 
  auto ecPos =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(lArPositiveEndcap->transform());
  auto ecNeg =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(lArNegativeEndcap->transform());
 
  auto ecUpBounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(ecpRmax, keyDim.back().first, ecpHz);
  auto ecDownBounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(rEndcapBP, ecpRmin, ecpHz);
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecCoverPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*ecPos),
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*ecUpBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveEndcapCover");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecCoverNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*ecNeg),
      std::move(ecUpBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeEndcapCover");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecInnerPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecPos), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*ecDownBounds),
      m_Al, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveEndcapInner");
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecInnerNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(ecNeg),
      std::move(ecDownBounds),
      m_Al, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeEndcapInner");
 
  // glue EMEC radially
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsEC;
  volsEC.push_back(ecInnerPos);
  volsEC.push_back(lArPositiveEndcap);
  volsEC.push_back(ecCoverPos);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* positiveEC =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsEC, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveEndcapR");
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsEN;
  volsEN.push_back(ecInnerNeg);
  volsEN.push_back(lArNegativeEndcap);
  volsEN.push_back(ecCoverNeg);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* negativeEC =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsEN, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeEndcapR");
 
  // glue presampler with EMEC
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volEEP;
  volEEP.push_back(positiveEP);
  volEEP.push_back(positiveEC);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* positiveEEP =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volEEP, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveEMEC");
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volEEN;
  volEEN.push_back(negativeEC);
  volEEN.push_back(negativeEP);
  Trk::TrackingVolume* negativeEEP =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volEEN, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeEMEC");
 
  // glue EMEC sector with beam pipe volumes
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsEndcapPos;
  if (endcapBP.first)
    volsEndcapPos.push_back(endcapBP.first);
  volsEndcapPos.push_back(positiveEEP);
 
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> positiveEndcap(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsEndcapPos, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveEndcap"));
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsEndcapNeg;
  if (endcapBP.second)
    volsEndcapNeg.push_back(endcapBP.second);
  volsEndcapNeg.push_back(negativeEEP);
 
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> negativeEndcap(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsEndcapNeg, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeEndcap"));

  // Hec sector + beam pipe + lAr cover
  // create beam pipe volumes for Hec and return their outer radius
  float rHecBP = 0.;
  std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*> hecBP =
      createBeamPipeVolumes(
          bpCutouts,
          lArPositiveHec->center().z() - lArPositiveHecBounds->halflengthZ(),
          lArPositiveHec->center().z() + lArPositiveHecBounds->halflengthZ(),
          "Hec", rHecBP);
  // HecInnerGap (new gap volume )
  Trk::Material lArHecInnerGapMaterial =
      Trk::Material(390., 1223., 18., 9., 0.0014);
 
  // create the Bounds
  auto lArHecInnerGapBounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(rHecBP, lArPositiveHecBounds->innerRadius(),
                                    lArPositiveHecBounds->halflengthZ());
 
  auto lArHecPos = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
      Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., lArPositiveHec->center().z())));
  auto lArHecNeg = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
      Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., lArNegativeHec->center().z())));
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveHecInnerGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*lArHecPos),
      lArHecInnerGapBounds, m_Al, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveHecInnerGap");
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeHecInnerGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*lArHecNeg),
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*lArHecInnerGapBounds),
      m_Al, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeHecInnerGap");
  // create the Bounds
  auto lArHecOuterGapBounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(lArPositiveHecBounds->outerRadius(),
                                                  keyDim.back().first,
                                                  lArPositiveHecBounds->halflengthZ());
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveHecOuterGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArHecPos), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*lArHecOuterGapBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveHecOuterGap");
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeHecOuterGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArHecNeg),
      std::move(lArHecOuterGapBounds), m_Ar,
      nullptr, nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeHecOuterGap");
 
  // glue Hec sector with beam pipe volumes
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsHecPos;
  if (hecBP.first)
    volsHecPos.push_back(hecBP.first);
  volsHecPos.push_back(lArPositiveHecInnerGap);
  volsHecPos.push_back(lArPositiveHec);
  volsHecPos.push_back(lArPositiveHecOuterGap);
 
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> positiveHec(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsHecPos, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveHec"));
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsHecNeg;
  if (hecBP.second){
    volsHecNeg.push_back(hecBP.second);
  }
  volsHecNeg.push_back(lArNegativeHecInnerGap);
  volsHecNeg.push_back(lArNegativeHec);
  volsHecNeg.push_back(lArNegativeHecOuterGap);
 
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> negativeHec(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsHecNeg, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeHec"));

  // Fcal sector + beam pipe + lAr cover
 
  // create beam pipe volumes for Fcal and return their outer radius
  float rFcalBP = 0.;
  std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*> fcalBP =
      createBeamPipeVolumes(
          bpCutouts,
          lArPositiveFcal->center().z() - lArPositiveFcalBounds->halflengthZ(),
          lArPositiveFcal->center().z() + lArPositiveFcalBounds->halflengthZ(),
          "Fcal", rFcalBP);
  // FcalInnerGap (new gap volume )
  // Trk::Material lArFcalInnerGapMaterial = Trk::Material(390.,
  // 1223., 40.,18., 0.0014);
 
  if (rFcalBP > lArPositiveFcalBounds->innerRadius()) {
    ATH_MSG_ERROR("PROBLEM : beam pipe collide with Fcal:"
                  << rFcalBP << ">" << lArPositiveFcalBounds->innerRadius()
                  << ", abort");
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  // create the Bounds
  auto lArFcalInnerGapBounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(rFcalBP,
                                    lArPositiveFcalBounds->innerRadius(),
                                    lArPositiveFcalBounds->halflengthZ());
 
  auto lArFcalPos = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
      Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., lArPositiveFcal->center().z())));
  auto lArFcalNeg = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
      Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., lArNegativeFcal->center().z())));
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveFcalInnerGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*lArFcalPos),
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*lArFcalInnerGapBounds),
      m_Al, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveFcalInnerGap");
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeFcalInnerGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*lArFcalNeg),
      std::move(lArFcalInnerGapBounds), m_Al, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeFcalInnerGap");
 
  // create the Bounds
  auto lArFcalOuterGapBounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(lArPositiveHecBounds->outerRadius(),
                                    keyDim.back().first,
                                    lArPositiveFcalBounds->halflengthZ());
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveFcalOuterGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArFcalPos), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*lArFcalOuterGapBounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveFcalOuterGap");
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeFcalOuterGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArFcalNeg), std::move(lArFcalOuterGapBounds), m_Ar,
      nullptr, nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeFcalOuterGap");
 
  // glue Fcal sector with beam pipe volumes
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsFcalPos;
  if (fcalBP.first){
    volsFcalPos.push_back(fcalBP.first);
  }
  volsFcalPos.push_back(lArPositiveFcalInnerGap);
  volsFcalPos.push_back(lArPositiveFcal);
  volsFcalPos.push_back(lArPositiveHecFcalCover);
  volsFcalPos.push_back(lArPositiveFcalOuterGap);
 
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> positiveFcal(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsFcalPos, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveFcal"));
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsFcalNeg;
  if (fcalBP.second){
    volsFcalNeg.push_back(fcalBP.second);
  }
  volsFcalNeg.push_back(lArNegativeFcalInnerGap);
  volsFcalNeg.push_back(lArNegativeFcal);
  volsFcalNeg.push_back(lArNegativeHecFcalCover);
  volsFcalNeg.push_back(lArNegativeFcalOuterGap);
 
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> negativeFcal(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsFcalNeg, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeFcal"));

  // Outer endcap sector + beam pipe
 
  // create beam pipe volumes for Outer sector and return their outer radius
  float rOutBP = 0.;
  std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*> outBP =
      createBeamPipeVolumes(bpCutouts, lArPositiveOuterBoundary,
                            caloPositiveOuterBoundary, "Outer", rOutBP);
 
  Trk::Material lArSectorOuterGapMat =
      Trk::Material(20.5, 723., 64., 28., 0.0084);
 
  auto lArSectorOuterG0Bounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
          rOutBP, 430.,
          // lArPositiveEndcapBounds->outerRadius(),
          0.5 * (caloPositiveOuterBoundary - lArPositiveOuterBoundary));
 
  auto lArSectorOuterG1Bounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
          430., keyDim.back().first,
          // lArPositiveEndcapBounds->outerRadius(),
          0.5 * (caloPositiveOuterBoundary - lArPositiveOuterBoundary));
 
  z = 0.5 * (caloPositiveOuterBoundary + lArPositiveOuterBoundary);
 
  auto lArSecOutG1P =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., z)));
  auto lArSecOutG0P =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., z)));
 
  lArPositiveSectorOuterGap0 = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArSecOutG0P), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*lArSectorOuterG0Bounds),
      lArSectorOuterGapMat, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveSectorOuterGap0");
 
  lArPositiveSectorOuterGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArSecOutG1P), std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds> (*lArSectorOuterG1Bounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::PositiveSectorOuterGap");
 
  auto lArSecOutG1N =
       std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -z)));
  auto lArSecOutG0N =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -z)));
 
  lArNegativeSectorOuterGap0 =
      new Trk::TrackingVolume(std::move(lArSecOutG0N),
                              std::move(lArSectorOuterG0Bounds),
                              lArSectorOuterGapMat, nullptr, nullptr,
                              "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeSectorOuterGap0");
 
  lArNegativeSectorOuterGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArSecOutG1N),
      std::move(lArSectorOuterG1Bounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LAr::NegativeSectorOuterGap");
 
  // glue OuterGap with beam pipe volumes
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsOuterGapP;
  if (outBP.first){
    volsOuterGapP.push_back(outBP.first);
  }
  volsOuterGapP.push_back(lArPositiveSectorOuterGap0);
  volsOuterGapP.push_back(lArPositiveSectorOuterGap);
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> positiveOuterGap(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsOuterGapP, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveOuterGap"));
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> volsOuterGapN;
  if (outBP.second){
    volsOuterGapN.push_back(outBP.second);
  }
  volsOuterGapN.push_back(lArNegativeSectorOuterGap0);
  volsOuterGapN.push_back(lArNegativeSectorOuterGap);
  std::unique_ptr<Trk::TrackingVolume> negativeOuterGap(
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          volsOuterGapN, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeOuterGap"));
 
  ATH_MSG_DEBUG("Endcap volumes ready");
 
  // ++ (ii) lArNegativeSector
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArNegativeSector = nullptr;
  // +++ has 4 sub volumes in Z
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> lArNegativeSectorVolumes;
  // +++ (A) -> Outer sector
  lArNegativeSectorVolumes.push_back(negativeOuterGap.release());
  // +++ (B) -> Fcal sector
  lArNegativeSectorVolumes.push_back(negativeFcal.release());
  // +++ (C) -> Hec sector
  lArNegativeSectorVolumes.push_back(negativeHec.release());
  // +++ (D) -> Endcap sector
  lArNegativeSectorVolumes.push_back(negativeEndcap.release());
  // +++ all exists : create super volume (ii)
  lArNegativeSector = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
      lArNegativeSectorVolumes, m_caloMaterial,
      "Calo::LAr::Container::NegativeSector");
 
  // ++ (ii) lArPositiveSector
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArPositiveSector = nullptr;
  // +++ has 4 sub volumes in Z
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> lArPositiveSectorVolumes;
  // +++ (A) -> Endcap sector
  lArPositiveSectorVolumes.push_back(positiveEndcap.release());
  // +++ (B) -> Hec sector
  lArPositiveSectorVolumes.push_back(positiveHec.release());
  // +++ (C) -> Fcal sector
  lArPositiveSectorVolumes.push_back(positiveFcal.release());
  // +++ (D) -> OuterGap
  lArPositiveSectorVolumes.push_back(positiveOuterGap.release());
  // +++ all exists : create super volume (ii)
  lArPositiveSector = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
      lArPositiveSectorVolumes, m_caloMaterial,
      "Calo::LAr::Container::PositiveSector");

  // central LAr barrel
  //
  // solenoid gap
  auto trtSolGapBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
      keyDim[0].first, solenoidBounds->innerRadius(),
      solenoidBounds->halflengthZ());
 
  // solenoid gap is not completely empty
  Trk::Material solGapMat(535., 2871., 18.6, 9.1, 0.00038);
 
  trtSolenoidGap =
      new Trk::TrackingVolume(nullptr, std::move(trtSolGapBounds), solGapMat, nullptr,
                              nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::SolenoidGap");
 
  auto lArTileCentralG1Bounds =
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(lArBarrelBounds->outerRadius(),
                                    tileCombinedBounds->innerRadius(),
                                    lArBarrelBounds->halflengthZ());
 
  lArTileCentralSectorGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      nullptr, std::move(lArTileCentralG1Bounds), m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LArTileCentralSectorGap");
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArCentralBarrelSector = nullptr;
  // ++ has 6 sub volumes in R
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes;
  // ++++ (a) -> solenoid gap
  lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes.push_back(trtSolenoidGap);
  // ++++ (b) -> solenoid (exists already)
  lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes.push_back(solenoid);
  // ++++ (c) -> solenoidlArPresamplerGap (exists already)
  lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes.push_back(solenoidlArPresamplerGap);
  // ++++ (d) -> lArBarrelPresampler (exists already)
  lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes.push_back(lArBarrelPresampler);
  // ++++ (e) -> lArBarrel (exists already)
  lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes.push_back(lArBarrel);
  // ++++ (f) -> lArTile gap
  lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes.push_back(lArTileCentralSectorGap);
  // ++++ all sub volumes exist: build the super volume
  lArCentralBarrelSector =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          lArCentralBarrelSectorVolumes, m_caloMaterial,
          "Calo::Containers::LAr::CentralBarrelSector", false, true);
  // side buffers
  // the Tile Crack volume (TileGap3, enum 17) inserted here
  // binned material for Crack : steering in binEta
  // TODO turn into 2D binned array
  std::vector<Trk::IdentifiedMaterial> matCrack;
  // layer material can be adjusted here
  int baseID = Trk::GeometrySignature(Trk::Calo) * 1000 + 17;
  matCrack.emplace_back(std::make_shared<Trk::Material>(m_Scint), baseID);
  matCrack.emplace_back(std::make_shared<Trk::Material>(m_caloMaterial), -1);
  matCrack.emplace_back(std::make_shared<Trk::Material>(m_Al), -1);
  //
  double etadist;
  // if TileGap3 goes above 1.6 in eta - it's RUN3 geometry
  int nbins =
      (caloDDM->is_in(1.65, 0.0, CaloCell_ID::TileGap3, etadist)) ? 6 : 3;
  auto bun = Trk::BinUtility(nbins, -1.8, -1.2, Trk::open, Trk::binEta);
  auto bup = Trk::BinUtility(nbins, 1.2, 1.8, Trk::open, Trk::binEta);
  // array of indices
  std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> indexP;
  std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> indexN;
  // binned material for LAr : layer depth per eta bin
  std::vector<Trk::BinUtility> layDN(bun.bins());
  std::vector<Trk::BinUtility> layUP(bup.bins());
  double crackZ1 = 3532.;
  double crackZ2 = 3540.;
  // construct bin utilities
  std::vector<float> steps;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bup.bins(); i++) {
    steps.clear();
    std::vector<size_t> indx;
    indx.clear();
    steps.push_back(crackZ1);
    indx.push_back(i < bup.bins() - 1 ? 0 : 1);
    steps.push_back(crackZ2);
    indx.push_back(2);
    steps.push_back(keyDim.back().second);
    Trk::BinUtility zBU = Trk::BinUtility(steps, Trk::open, Trk::binZ);
    layUP[i] = zBU;
    indexP.push_back(indx);
  }
 
  const Trk::BinnedMaterial crackBinPos(m_crackMaterial, bup, layUP, indexP,
                                        matCrack);
 
  auto crackBoundsPos = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
      keyDim[0].first, tileCombinedBounds->innerRadius(),
      0.5 * (keyDim.back().second - crackZ1));
  z = 0.5 * (keyDim.back().second + crackZ1);
  auto crackPosTransform =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., z)));
 
  Trk::AlignableTrackingVolume* crackPos = new Trk::AlignableTrackingVolume(
      std::move(crackPosTransform), crackBoundsPos, crackBinPos, 17,
      "Calo::Detectors::Tile::CrackPos");
 
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bun.bins(); i++) {
    steps.clear();
    std::vector<size_t> indx;
    indx.clear();
    steps.push_back(-keyDim.back().second);
    indx.push_back(2);
    steps.push_back(-crackZ2);
    indx.push_back(i > 0 ? 0 : 1);
    steps.push_back(-crackZ1);
    Trk::BinUtility zBU = Trk::BinUtility(steps, Trk::open, Trk::binZ);
    layDN[i] = zBU;
    indexN.push_back(indx);
  }
 
  const Trk::BinnedMaterial crackBinNeg(m_crackMaterial, bun, layDN, indexN, matCrack);
 
  auto crackNegTransform =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -z)));
 
  Trk::AlignableTrackingVolume* crackNeg = new Trk::AlignableTrackingVolume(
      std::move(crackNegTransform),
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*crackBoundsPos), crackBinNeg, 17,
      "Calo::Detectors::Tile::CrackNeg");
 
  auto lArCentralG1Bounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
      keyDim[0].first, tileCombinedBounds->innerRadius(),
      0.5 * (crackZ1 - lArBarrelBounds->halflengthZ()));
 
  z = 0.5 * (crackZ1 + lArBarrelBounds->halflengthZ());
  auto lArCentralG1P =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., z)));
 
  lArCentralPositiveGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArCentralG1P),
      std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*lArCentralG1Bounds), m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
      "Calo::GapVolumes::LArCentralPositiveGap");
 
  auto lArCentralG1N =
      std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -z)));
 
  lArCentralNegativeGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
      std::move(lArCentralG1N),
      std::move(lArCentralG1Bounds),
      m_Ar, nullptr,
      nullptr, "Calo::GapVolumes::LArCentralNegativeGap");
 
  // glue laterally
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArCentralSector = nullptr;
  // ++ has 5 sub volumes in z
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> lArCentralSectorVolumes;
  // ++++ (a) -> negative crack
  lArCentralSectorVolumes.push_back(crackNeg);
  // ++++ (b) -> negative gap
  lArCentralSectorVolumes.push_back(lArCentralNegativeGap);
  // ++++ (c) -> central barrel
  lArCentralSectorVolumes.push_back(lArCentralBarrelSector);
  // ++++ (d) -> positive gap
  lArCentralSectorVolumes.push_back(lArCentralPositiveGap);
  // ++++ (e) -> positive crack
  lArCentralSectorVolumes.push_back(crackPos);
  // ++++ all sub volumes exist: build the super volume
  lArCentralSector = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
      lArCentralSectorVolumes, m_caloMaterial,
      "Calo::Containers::LAr::CentralSector");
 
  // glue with ID sector
  Trk::TrackingVolume* caloCentralSector = nullptr;
  // ++ has 2 sub volumes in R
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> caloCentralSectorVolumes;
  // ++++ (a) -> ID sector
  caloCentralSectorVolumes.push_back(inDetEnclosed);
  // ++++ (b) -> LAr sector
  caloCentralSectorVolumes.push_back(lArCentralSector);
  // ++++ all sub volumes exist: build the super volume
  caloCentralSector = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
      caloCentralSectorVolumes, m_caloMaterial,
      "Calo::Containers::CaloCentralSector");

 
  // glue laterally with endcaps
  Trk::TrackingVolume* lArCombined = nullptr;
  // ++ has 3 sub volumes in z
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> lArCombinedVolumes;
  // ++++ (a) -> negative endcap
  lArCombinedVolumes.push_back(lArNegativeSector);
  // ++++ (b) -> barrel
  lArCombinedVolumes.push_back(caloCentralSector);
  // ++++ (a) -> positive endcap
  lArCombinedVolumes.push_back(lArPositiveSector);
  // ++++ all sub volumes exist: build the super volume
  lArCombined = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
      lArCombinedVolumes, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Containers::LAr::Combined");
 
  // glue with LAr sector
  Trk::TrackingVolume* caloCombined = nullptr;
  // ++ has 2 sub volumes in R
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> caloVolumes;
  // ++++ (a) -> LAr sector
  caloVolumes.push_back(lArCombined);
  // ++++ (b) -> Tile sector
  caloVolumes.push_back(tileCombined);
  // ++++ all sub volumes exist: build the super volume
  caloCombined = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
      caloVolumes, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Containers::CombinedCalo");

 
  // build the radial buffer volume to synchronize the radial envelope
  // dimensions
  Trk::TrackingVolume* centralBuffer = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecPosBuffer = nullptr;
  Trk::TrackingVolume* ecNegBuffer = nullptr;
 
  if (caloVolsOuterRadius > caloDefaultRadius) {
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE(
        "Calo volumes exceeds envelope radius: adjusting envelope "
        "(de-synchronizing...)");
    caloDefaultRadius = caloVolsOuterRadius;
  }
 
  if (caloVolsOuterRadius < caloDefaultRadius) {
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE(
        "Build radial buffer to synchronize the boundaries in between R "
        << caloVolsOuterRadius << " and " << caloDefaultRadius);
 
    auto centralSynBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
        caloVolsOuterRadius, caloDefaultRadius, caloVolsExtendZ);
    centralBuffer = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
        nullptr, std::move(centralSynBounds), m_caloMaterial, nullptr, nullptr,
        "Calo::GapVolumes::EnvelopeBuffer");
  }
 
  if (caloVolsExtendZ < caloDefaultHalflengthZ) {
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE(
        "Build longitudinal buffers to synchronize the boundaries in between Z "
        << caloVolsExtendZ << " and " << caloDefaultHalflengthZ);
 
    auto endcapSynBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
        0., caloDefaultRadius,
        0.5 * (caloDefaultHalflengthZ - caloVolsExtendZ));
    // endcap buffers not empty
    Trk::Material ecBuffMat(53. / 0.38, 355. / 0.38, 20., 10.,
                            0.0053 * pow(0.38, 3));
 
    float zPos = 0.5 * (caloDefaultHalflengthZ + caloVolsExtendZ);
    ecPosBuffer = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
        std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., zPos))),
        std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*endcapSynBounds),
        m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
        "Calo::GapVolumes::PosECBuffer");
 
    ecNegBuffer = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
        std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -zPos))),
        std::move(endcapSynBounds), m_Ar, nullptr, nullptr,
        "Calo::GapVolumes::NegECBuffer");
  }
 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE(
      "All gap volumes for the Calorimeter created. Starting to build Volume "
      "Hiearchy.");

 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("Resolve MS cutouts:");
 
  // resolve number of additional cutout volumes
  int nCutVol = 0;
  std::vector<float> zCutStep;
  std::vector<float> rCutStep;
  if (msCutouts.size() > 1) {
    zCutStep.push_back(msCutouts[0].second);
    rCutStep.push_back(msCutouts[0].first);
    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < msCutouts.size(); i++) {
      if (msCutouts[i].second == zCutStep.back())
        rCutStep.push_back(msCutouts[i].first);
      else
        zCutStep.push_back(msCutouts[i].second);
    }
    nCutVol = zCutStep.size() - 1;
  }
  if (nCutVol > 0)
    ATH_MSG_VERBOSE(nCutVol << " MS cutout volume(s) required ");
 
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> forwardCutoutVols;
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> backwardCutoutVols;
 
  // cutout region not empty
  std::vector<Trk::Material> cutOutMat;
  cutOutMat.emplace_back(19.9, 213., 50., 23.,
                         0.0065);  // 3.5 Fe + 1 Ar : verify
  cutOutMat.push_back(m_caloMaterial);
  // cutOutMat.push_back(Trk::Material(18.74, 200.9, 52.36, 24.09, 0.0069));
 
  if (nCutVol > 0) {
    // loop over zCutStep, rCutStep[0] gives the fixed outer radius, rCutStep[i]
    // the cutout radius for ith volume
    float rout = rCutStep[0];
    float zlow = zCutStep[0];
    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < zCutStep.size(); i++) {
      float zup = zCutStep[i];
      float rcut = rCutStep[i];
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << i;
      // get beam pipe volumes
      float rCutOutBP = 0.;
      std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*> cutOutBP =
          createBeamPipeVolumes(bpCutouts, zlow, zup, "CutOuts" + ss.str(),
                                rCutOutBP);
 
      // build inner part ( -> Calo )
      unsigned int mindex = i > 1 ? 1 : i;
 
      auto cutInBounds =
          std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(rCutOutBP, rcut, 0.5 * (zup - zlow));
      Trk::TrackingVolume* caloInPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
        std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
          Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., 0.5 * (zup + zlow)))),
          std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*cutInBounds),
          cutOutMat[mindex], nullptr, nullptr,
          "Calo::GapVolumes::CaloPositiveCutIn" + ss.str());
      Trk::TrackingVolume* caloInNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
          std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
            Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -0.5 * (zup + zlow)))),
          std::move(cutInBounds),
          cutOutMat[mindex], nullptr, nullptr,
          "Calo::GapVolumes::CaloNegativeCutIn" + ss.str());
      // build cutout ( -> MS ) : geometry signature needs to be resolved later
      // : follow naming convention
      auto cutOutBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(rcut, rout, 0.5 * (zup - zlow));
      Trk::TrackingVolume* caloOutPos = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
          std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
              Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., 0.5 * (zup + zlow)))),
          std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*cutOutBounds), m_caloMaterial, nullptr, nullptr,
          "Muon::GapVolumes::CaloPositiveCutOut" + ss.str());
      Trk::TrackingVolume* caloOutNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
          std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
              Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -0.5 * (zup + zlow)))),
          std::move(cutOutBounds),
          m_caloMaterial, nullptr, nullptr,
          "Muon::GapVolumes::CaloNegativeCutOut" + ss.str());
 
      // sign
      caloOutPos->sign(Trk::MS);
      caloOutNeg->sign(Trk::MS);
 
      // glue radially and save for final gluing
      std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> cvPos;
      cvPos.push_back(cutOutBP.first);
      cvPos.push_back(caloInPos);
      cvPos.push_back(caloOutPos);
      Trk::TrackingVolume* cutOutPos =
          m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
              cvPos, m_caloMaterial,
              "Calo::GapVolumes::CaloPositiveCutoutVolume" + ss.str());
      forwardCutoutVols.push_back(cutOutPos);
      //
      std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> cvNeg;
      cvNeg.push_back(cutOutBP.second);
      cvNeg.push_back(caloInNeg);
      cvNeg.push_back(caloOutNeg);
      Trk::TrackingVolume* cutOutNeg =
          m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
              cvNeg, m_caloMaterial,
              "Calo::GapVolumes::CaloNegativeCutoutVolume" + ss.str());
      backwardCutoutVols.insert(backwardCutoutVols.begin(), cutOutNeg);
 
      zlow = zup;
    }
  }

 
  if (!centralBuffer) {  //(XX)
    // all volumes exist : create the super volume at top level
    calorimeter = caloCombined;
 
  } else {  //(X)
 
    std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> envRVols;
    envRVols.push_back(caloCombined);
    envRVols.push_back(centralBuffer);
 
    // add cutouts - final step
    if (!forwardCutoutVols.empty() || ecNegBuffer) {
 
      Trk::TrackingVolume* caloRVolume =
          m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
              envRVols, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Containers::CombinedRCalo");
      std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> envZVols;
      envZVols.reserve(backwardCutoutVols.size());
      for (auto& backwardCutoutVol : backwardCutoutVols)
        envZVols.push_back(backwardCutoutVol);
      if (ecNegBuffer)
        envZVols.push_back(ecNegBuffer);
      envZVols.push_back(caloRVolume);
      if (ecPosBuffer)
        envZVols.push_back(ecPosBuffer);
      for (auto& forwardCutoutVol : forwardCutoutVols)
        envZVols.push_back(forwardCutoutVol);
 
      calorimeter = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          envZVols, m_caloMaterial, m_exitVolume);
 
    } else {  // if no cutouts or endcap buffers, this is the top calo volume
 
      calorimeter = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          envRVols, m_caloMaterial, m_exitVolume);
    }
  }
 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE(
      "TrackingVolume 'Calorimeter' built successfully. Wrap it in "
      "TrackingGeometry.");
 
  auto caloTrackingGeometry = std::make_unique<Trk::TrackingGeometry>(calorimeter);
 
  if (msgLvl(MSG::VERBOSE) && caloTrackingGeometry){
    caloTrackingGeometry->printVolumeHierarchy(msg(MSG::VERBOSE));
  }
 
  if (m_indexStaticLayers && caloTrackingGeometry){
    caloTrackingGeometry->indexStaticLayers(signature());
  }
 
  return caloTrackingGeometry;
}
 
void Calo::CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl::registerInLayerIndexCaloSampleMap(
    Trk::LayerIndexSampleMap& licsMap,
    const std::vector<CaloCell_ID::CaloSample>& ccid, const Trk::TrackingVolume& vol,
    int side) const {
 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("[+] Registering layers of TrackingVolume '"
                  << vol.volumeName() << "' in LayerIndex/CaloCell_ID map");
 
  // get the confined Layers from the TrackingVolume
  const Trk::LayerArray* confinedLayers = vol.confinedLayers();
  if (!confinedLayers)
    return;
 
  std::span<Trk::Layer const* const> layerObjects =
      confinedLayers->arrayObjects();
  std::span<Trk::Layer const* const>::iterator layerObjIter =
      layerObjects.begin();
  std::span<Trk::Layer const* const>::iterator layerObjEnd =
      layerObjects.end();
 
  // now pick out the material layers (and skip the navigation ones)
  std::vector<const Trk::Layer*> materialLayers;
  for (; layerObjIter != layerObjEnd; ++layerObjIter)
    if ((*layerObjIter)->layerMaterialProperties())
      materialLayers.push_back((*layerObjIter));
 
  unsigned int matLaySize = materialLayers.size();
  unsigned int ccidSize = ccid.size();
 
  ATH_MSG_VERBOSE("[+] Found " << matLaySize << " material layers ( "
                               << ccidSize << " CaloSample ids )");
  if (matLaySize != ccidSize)
    return;
 
  // everything's fine for side > 0
  if (side > 0) {
    // match 1-to-1
    std::vector<const Trk::Layer*>::const_iterator layerIt = materialLayers.begin();
    std::vector<const Trk::Layer*>::const_iterator layerItEnd = materialLayers.end();
    std::vector<CaloCell_ID::CaloSample>::const_iterator ccidIt = ccid.begin();
    std::vector<CaloCell_ID::CaloSample>::const_iterator ccidItEnd = ccid.end();
 
    for (; layerIt != layerItEnd && ccidIt != ccidItEnd; ++layerIt, ++ccidIt)
      licsMap.insert(std::make_pair((*layerIt)->layerIndex(), int(*ccidIt)));
 
  } else {
    // the order needs to be reversed, because TG has z-ordering positive
    // defined
 
    std::vector<CaloCell_ID::CaloSample>::const_iterator ccidIt = ccid.begin();
    std::vector<CaloCell_ID::CaloSample>::const_iterator ccidItEnd = ccid.end();
 
    for (; ccidIt != ccidItEnd; ++ccidIt, --matLaySize)
      licsMap.insert(std::make_pair(
          (materialLayers[matLaySize - 1])->layerIndex(), int(*ccidIt)));
  }
}
 
std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*>
Calo::CaloTrackingGeometryBuilderImpl::createBeamPipeVolumes(
    const RZPairVector& bpCutouts, float zmin, float zmax,
    const std::string& name, float& outerRadius) const {
  outerRadius = 0.;
 
  // beam pipe thickness along the z distance
  if (bpCutouts.empty()) {
    return std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*>(0, 0);
  }
 
  RZPairVector dim;
  dim.emplace_back(bpCutouts[0].first, zmin);
  float rOut = bpCutouts[0].first;
  for (const auto& bpCutout : bpCutouts) {
    if (bpCutout.second <= dim[0].second)
      dim[0].first = bpCutout.first;
    else if (bpCutout.second <= zmax)
      dim.push_back(bpCutout);
    if (bpCutout.second <= zmax)
      rOut = bpCutout.first;
  }
 
  if (dim.back().second < zmax)
    dim.emplace_back(rOut, zmax);
 
  if (dim.size() == 2) {  // simple case
 
    outerRadius = dim[0].first;
 
    auto bpBounds =
        std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(0., outerRadius, 0.5 * (zmax - zmin));
 
    auto bpPos = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
        Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., 0.5 * (zmin + zmax))));
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpVolPos =
        new Trk::TrackingVolume(std::move(bpPos),
                                std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(*bpBounds),
                                m_caloMaterial, nullptr,
                                nullptr, "BeamPipe::Positive" + name);
 
    auto bpNeg = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
        Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., -0.5 * (zmin + zmax))));
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpVolNeg = new Trk::TrackingVolume(
        std::move(bpNeg),
        std::move(bpBounds),
        m_caloMaterial, nullptr, nullptr,
        "BeamPipe::Negative" + name);
 
    // geometry signature
    bpVolPos->sign(Trk::BeamPipe);
    bpVolNeg->sign(Trk::BeamPipe);
 
    return std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*>(bpVolPos,
                                                                 bpVolNeg);
  }
 
  // cutout included
 
  outerRadius = dim[0].first;
 
  // find rMax
  for (unsigned int i = 1; i < dim.size(); i++)
    if (dim[i].first > outerRadius)
      outerRadius = dim[i].first;
 
  // loop over z sections, prepare volumes for gluing
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> posVols;
 
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dim.size() - 1; i++) {
 
    if (dim[i].second == dim[i + 1].second)
      continue;
 
    // beam pipe volume
    auto bpBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
        0., dim[i].first, 0.5 * (dim[i + 1].second - dim[i].second));
 
    auto bpPos = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(Amg::Translation3D(
        Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., 0.5 * (dim[i + 1].second + dim[i].second))));
 
    auto  bpPB = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*bpPos);
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpVolPos =
        new Trk::TrackingVolume(std::move(bpPos),std::move(bpBounds), m_caloMaterial, nullptr,
                                nullptr, "BeamPipe::Positive" + name);
    bpVolPos->sign(Trk::BeamPipe);
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpVolGap = nullptr;
    if (dim[i].first < outerRadius) {
      auto bpGB = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(
          dim[i].first, outerRadius, 0.5 * (dim[i + 1].second - dim[i].second));
 
      bpVolGap = new Trk::TrackingVolume(std::move(bpPB), std::move(bpGB), m_caloMaterial,
                                         nullptr, nullptr,
                                         "Calo::GapVolumes::Positive" + name);
    }
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpSector = bpVolPos;
 
    if (bpVolGap) {
      std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> gapVols;
      gapVols.push_back(bpVolPos);
      gapVols.push_back(bpVolGap);
      bpSector = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          gapVols, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveBPSector" + name);
    }
    posVols.push_back(bpSector);
  }
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* bpPosSector =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          posVols, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::PositiveBP" + name);
 
  // loop over z sections, prepare volumes for gluing
  std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> negVols;
 
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dim.size() - 1; i++) {
 
    float zmax2 = -1. * (dim[i].second);
    float zmin2 = -1. * (dim[i + 1].second);
 
    if (zmin2 == zmax2)
      continue;
 
    // beam pipe volume
    auto bpBounds = std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(0., dim[i].first, 0.5 * (zmax2 - zmin2));
 
    auto bpNeg = std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(
        Amg::Translation3D(Amg::Vector3D(0., 0., 0.5 * (zmin2 + zmax2))));
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpVolNeg =
        new Trk::TrackingVolume(std::make_unique<Amg::Transform3D>(*bpNeg),
                                std::move(bpBounds), m_caloMaterial, nullptr,
                                nullptr, "BeamPipe::Negative" + name);
    bpVolNeg->sign(Trk::BeamPipe);
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpVolGap =
        dim[i].first < outerRadius
            ? new Trk::TrackingVolume(
                  std::move(bpNeg),
                  std::make_shared<Trk::CylinderVolumeBounds>(dim[i].first, outerRadius,
                                                              0.5 * (zmax2 - zmin2)),
                  m_caloMaterial, nullptr, nullptr,
                  "Calo::GapVolumes::Negative" + name)
            : nullptr;
 
    Trk::TrackingVolume* bpSector = bpVolNeg;
 
    if (bpVolGap) {
      std::vector<Trk::TrackingVolume*> gapVols;
      gapVols.push_back(bpVolNeg);
      gapVols.push_back(bpVolGap);
      bpSector = m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          gapVols, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeBPSector" + name);
    }
 
    if (negVols.empty())
      negVols.push_back(bpSector);
    else
      negVols.insert(negVols.begin(), bpSector);
  }
 
  Trk::TrackingVolume* bpNegSector =
      m_trackingVolumeCreator->createContainerTrackingVolume(
          negVols, m_caloMaterial, "Calo::Container::NegativeBP" + name);
 
  return std::pair<Trk::TrackingVolume*, Trk::TrackingVolume*>(bpPosSector,
                                                               bpNegSector);
}